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NEUROIMAGING OF PEDIATRIC INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE
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Abstract
In recent years, pediatric stroke has become more popular. According to some research, hemorrhagic stroke accounted for 50% of total stroke in children. Pathogenesis of pediatric intracerebral hemorrhage differs from that in adults. The most common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage is the rupture of congenital vascular malformations which are common in older children while in infants, cerebral hemorrhage is often due to underlying risk factors. Imaging techniques play an useful role in diagnosing cerebral haemorrhage and determining the etiology of hemorrhage. Transfontanellar ultrasound is the best choice in infants when their fontanelle is not closed, suspected of intracerebral hemorrhage in the presence of underlying risk factors such as low birth weight, premature birth, or obstetric trauma. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging diagnose cerebral haemorrhage and find specific causes originating from congenital vascular abnormalities such as rupture of arteriovenous malformations or cavernous venous malformations with characteristic imaging, helping to diagnose and treat promptly.
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Keywords
Cerebral hemorrhage, pediatrics, transfontanellar ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, arteriovenous malformation, cavernous venous malformations
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