NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG CÁC THỂ BỆNH BETA-THALASSEMIA

Abstract

Background: Beta-thalassemia is a group of anemia inherited recessive genes according to Mendel's law due to mutations in globin gene that reduce or lose synthesis of β-globin chains which causes hemolytic anemia. Objectives: To describe clinical characteristics of beta-thalassemia mild, intermediate, and severe. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 44 patients with beta-thalassemia who came for examination and treatment at Can Tho Hematology Blood Transfusion Hospital and  Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from June 2021 to December 2022. Results: The mean age of first symptom presentation was 16.7± 9.787 (months) in severe form, 13.91± 19.835 (age) in intermediate form and 17± 3.13 (age) in mild form. Exploiting functional symptoms, patients with beta-thalassemia minor had 72.7% of patients with vertigo, 45.5% with fatigue; In the intermediate form, 95.7% of patients expressed fatigue, dizziness-vertigo accounted for 78.3%, poor eating/drinking accounted for 73.9%; 100% of patients have severe fatigue, 80% have vertigo, and 70% are poor eating. Exploiting the physical symptoms, 100% of patients with severe form had symptoms of anemia (pale skin, pale mucous membranes), dark skin 50%, thalassemia face 50%, hepatomegaly 80%, enlarged spleen 50%, splenectomy 50%; The intermediate form has similar symptoms to the severe form but the degree is milder, with pale mucous membranes 91.3%, pale skin 78.3%, dark skin 56.5%, thalassemia face 30.4%, hepatomegaly 52.2%, enlarged spleen 39.1%, splenectomy 21.7%; The mild form with pale skin, pale mucous membranes accounted for 9.1%. Conclusion: The clinical features are related to beta-thalassemia disease, the more severe the disease, the more obvious the clinical symptoms.