ĐẶC ĐIỂM CHỈ SỐ HỒNG CẦU VÀ ĐIỆN DI HEMOGLOBIN BỆNH ALPHA-THALASSEMIA THỂ NHẸ VÀ BỆNH HEMOGLOBIN H

Abstract

Background: Alpha-thalassemia (α-thalassemia) is considered an autosomal recessive disorder, occurs in individuals of all ethnic backgrounds. Especially, high prevalence of α-thalassemia occurs in certain countries in Southeast Asia. Study of characteristics of red blood cell indices and hemoglobin electrophoresis are useful for screening of α-thalassemia trait and diagnosis of HbH disease. Objectives: Describing the characteristics of red blood cell indices and hemoglobin electrophoresis in α-thalassemia trait and intermedia (HbH disease). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study in 67 diagnosed or treated α-thalassemia trait and intermedia at Can Tho Hematology - Blood tranfusion hospital and Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy hospital from 06/2021 to 06/2022. Results: The characteristics of peripheral red blood cell: Among α-thalassemia trait, RBC: 6.24±0.60 x10¹²/L; HGB: 134.57±13.12 g/L; MCV: 71.01±3.41 fL; MCH: 21.56±0.85pg; RDW-CV: 13.20±1.63%; Among HbH disease, RBC: 4.07±0.94 x10¹²/L; HGB: 80.86±15.17 g/L; MCV: 72.93±8.40 fL; MCH: 20.16±2.28 pg; RDW-CV: 25.68±4.47%. The characteristics of hemoglobin electrophoresis: hemoglobin electrophoresis is normal in α-thalassemia trait; Among HbH disease, HbH (%) 9.13±6.95%, HbBart’s (%): 0.97±1.18%; Some cases, HbC with HbH disease: 0.45±0.88%; heterozygous HbE with HbH disease, HbE (%): 0.86±2.70%, α-thalassemia trait with heterozygous HbE, HbE (%): 1.07±4.13%. Conclusion: α-thalassemia trait has mild anemia, low MCV and MCH; Hemoglobin electrophoresis is normal. HbH disease have moderate to severe anemia; low MCV; MCH falls too low; HbH, HbBart’s, HbC are detected. Some cases compound heterozygous HbE with α-thalassemia.