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HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION: SITUATION AND SOLUTIONS
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Abstract
Background: HPV infection is one of popular sexually transmitted diseases, estimated 50 – 80% sexually women worldwide were infected with HPV in their lifetime. Most HPV infections are transient, asymptomatic, and self-resolving, with only a small number of women infected with HPV developing cervical cancer in the presence of a combination of cofactors. The overall rate of HPV infection among women in the world is 11.7%, ranging from 9.4% in Asia to 11.5% in the Americas; 14.2% in the European region and the highest in Africa at 21.1%. In Vietnam, the HPV infection rate ranges from 2.5 to 10.2%; There are differences in infection rates between age groups and regions as well as depending on the study in the community or hospital. The strategy of cervical cancer level 1 is HPV vaccination with 3 type : cervarix, Gardasil4 and Gardasil9 which is effective in protecting against 90% of cases of HPV infection and HPV-related diseases; Level 2 prevention is a DNA-HPV screening test for sexually active women done starting at age 25; tests for DNA-HPV have a sensitivity of up to 90-95%. Rates of HPV infection as well as mortality from cervical cancer would be virtually eliminated in countries where HPV vaccination coverage is routine for all girls aged 12-13 years. The prevalence of HPV infection varies according to world geographic structure, geographic sub-region, average age of women, time, HPV testing method; and HPV vaccination for girls will be the optimal solution to reduce the rate of HPV infection.
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Keywords
HPV infection, HPV vaccine, DNA-HPV
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