NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG, CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở THAI PHỤ ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG THAI KỲ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA NINH THUẬN NĂM 2025 - 2026

Abstract

Background: Approximately 14% of pregnant women worldwide are affected by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). GDM is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including preterm birth, primary cesarean section, and preeclampsia. Maternal hyperglycemia before delivery can lead to fetal hyperinsulinemia, increasing the risk of macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, and other complications. Objectives: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and associated factors among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: A crosssectional study was conducted on 485 pregnant women attending antenatal care at Ninh Thuan Provincial General Hospital. All participants were screened for GDM using a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Results: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was 18.6%. The mean maternal age was 32.7 ± 5.65 years. The proportions of women who were overweight before pregnancy and who gained more than 12 kg during pregnancy were 26.7% and 36.8%, respectively. GDM was significantly associated with a history of previous GDM, miscarriage, excessive gestational weight gain, and pre-pregnancy overweight (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus was high, reaching 18.6%. Therefore, greater attention should be paid to routine screening for early detection and appropriate management.