ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG SAI HÌNH XƯƠNG HẠNG III Ở TRẺ EM TỪ 7 ĐẾN 12 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN RĂNG HÀM MẶT THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH

Abstract

  Background: Skeletal Class III malocclusion represents a major orthodontic challenge that compromises both aesthetics and function, necessitating early intervention during the active growth phase. A comprehensive understanding of its clinical and paraclinical characteristics provides a crucial foundation for clinicians to optimize treatment planning. Objectives: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of skeletal Class III malocclusion in children at Ho Chi Minh City Odonto-Stomatology Hospital between 2025 and 2026. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 32 children, aged 7 to 12 years, diagnosed with skeletal Class III malocclusion who sought treatment at the Department of Orthodontics, Ho Chi Minh City Odonto-Stomatology Hospital, from May 2025 to May 2026. Clinical features were evaluated through extraoral and intraoral examinations. Cephalometric variables, encompassing skeletal, dental, and soft tissue parameters, were measured and analyzed on lateral cephalograms using AudaxCeph software. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 8.97±0.93 years, with an equal gender distribution. Symmetrical frontal facial proportions were observed in 96.9% of the patients, 71.9% presented with a straight facial profile. Anterior and posterior crossbites were prevalent in 100% and 15.6% of the cases, respectively. Cephalometric analysis revealed that the skeletal discrepancy was primarily attributed to maxillary retrusion (SNA=79.90±2.93°) and mandibular protrusion (SNB=81.87±3.40°), with a mean ANB angle of -1.98±1.41° and a Wits appraisal of 7.39±1.81mm. Dentoalveolar compensations were evident, characterized by proclined maxillary incisors (U1/SN=106.22±6.08°) and retroclined mandibular incisors (L1/MP=86.42±6.75°). Soft tissue evaluation indicated a retrusive upper lip (Ls-E=-2.97±2.42mm) and a protrusive lower lip (Li-E= 1.07±1.86 mm). Conclusions: Skeletal Class III malocclusion is predominantly characterized by a combination of maxillary retrusion and mandibular protrusion, which inherently triggers natural dentoalveolar compensations and subsequent soft tissue profile disharmony.