NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ TRUYỀN MÁU, THẢI SẮT TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN THALASSEMIA TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HUYẾT HỌC - TRUYỀN MÁU CẦN THƠ NĂM 2024-2025

Abstract

Background: Thalassemia is a disease characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia. Prolonged blood transfusion leads to iron overload in tissue organs, which is the main cause of severe complications and mortality. Although blood transfusion and iron chelation therapies help prevent complications, clinical practice still records many challenges. Objectives: To describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics and evaluate the outcomes of blood transfusion and iron chelation therapies in Thalassemia patients at Can Tho Hematology - Blood Transfusion Hospital in 2024-2025. Materials and methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 80 Thalassemia patients indicated for blood transfusion, diagnosed with iron overload, and receiving continuous iron chelation therapy for at least 3 months at Can Tho Hematology - Blood Transfusion Hospital from October 2024 to October 2025. Results: Transfusion-dependent thalassemia (62.5%) accounted for the majority. Clinical manifestations included pale skin and mucous membranes (90%), jaundice (70%), splenomegaly and post-splenectomy (87.5%), hepatomegaly (80%), skin hyperpigmentation (82.5%), and facial bone deformities (63.7%). The mean Hb concentration at admission was low (68.29 ± 9.82 g/L). Packed red blood cell transfusion (median of 2 units/course) helped increase Hb by a median of 16 g/L with high safety (2.5% adverse reactions). After 3 months of iron chelation therapy, the median serum ferritin level initially showed a trend toward stabilization or a slight decrease from 3840 ng/mL to 3787 ng/mL, but did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.063). Conclusions: Patients carried the typical clinical phenotypes of anemia and hemolysis, and were often admitted late with low Hb levels. Blood transfusion therapy was safe and improved the anemia condition. Iron chelation therapy initially showed a trend of reducing iron reserves.