NGHIÊN CỨU TÌNH HÌNH PHÙ HOÀNG ĐIỂM VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÍP 2 TẠI THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Diabetic macular edema and diabetic retinopathy are common microvascular complications in diabetic patients. Numerous studies have shown that macular edema is a major cause of vision loss and vision impairment in diabetic patients. Early detection and timely treatment of macular edema is an effective strategy for preventing vision loss in diabetic patients and improving their quality of life. Objectives: This study investigates the prevalence of diabetic macular edema and diabetic retinopathy, and some related factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Materials and methods: This prospective descriptive, cross-sectional study with analytical components was conducted on 120 diabetic patients with ocular complications in Can Tho City, from June 2025 to January 2026. All patients were screened for macular edema and diabetic retinopathy using Optical Coherence Tomography. Macular edema is defined as retinal thickening of 500 µm within two optic disc diameters from the macula. Results: Diabetic macular edema accounts for 25.8% (31 patients), while diabetic retinopathy accounts for 54.2% (65 patients). Diabetic macular edema is associated with a duration of diabetes exceeding 10 years, hypertension, blood glucose levels, and HDL levels. Conclusion: Macular edema can cause blindness. Attention should be paid to macular edema in diabetic patients with a duration of diabetes exceeding 10 years, especially those with poorly controlled blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid disorders. To prevent macular edema and diabetic retinopathy, and to slow disease progression, good management of blood glucose, blood pressure, and cholesterol is essential.