PREVALENCE OF RSV, INFLUENZA A, INFLUENZA B, AND FACTORS RELATED TO THE SEVERITY OF ACUTE BRONCHIOLITIS IN CHILDREN AT CAN THO CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL IN 2025 - 2026
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Acute bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in young children. Identifying causative viral pathogens plays an important role in prognosis and effective treatment. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), influenza A, and influenza B infections, as well as factors associated with disease severity in children under 2 years of age with acute bronchiolitis. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 247 children aged 1 to <24 months diagnosed with acute bronchiolitis at Can Tho Children’s Hospital during 2025 – 2026. The severity of bronchiolitis was assessed according to the BPJ 2012 standards. Results: Male patients accounted for 66.8%, and 57.5% were younger than 6 months. There were 82 cases of RSV infection (33.2%), 5 cases of influenza A (2.0%), and 1 case of influenza B (0.4%). Among these, 79.2% of children infected with RSV (65/82) and 83.3% of children infected with influenza (5/6) were classified as severe. Typical symptoms in the RSV-positive group included cough (100%), wheezing (100%), and tachypnea (92.7%). Chest radiographs showed pulmonary infiltrates in 80 cases and air trapping in 73 cases. Among the 247 children with acute bronchiolitis, 173 cases (70.0%) were classified as severe. Multivariable logistic regression identified factors associated with severe acute bronchiolitis, including RSV infection (OR = 2.541; p=0.007) and age 12 – 24 months (OR = 4.016; p = 0.004). Conclusions: The prevalence of RSV infection in children with acute bronchiolitis was 33.2%. Disease severity was independently associated with RSV infection and the 12 – 24-month age group. These findings support clinicians in support early prediction of disease severity based on viral etiology and patient age.
Keywords
Acute bronchiolitis, RSV, Influenza A, Influenza B, children
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
2. Nguyễn Sơn Đức, Nguyễn Thị Vân Hà, Nguyễn Thị Huyền Trang, Đỗ Thiện Hải. Đặc điểm dịch tễ học lâm sàng và các yếu tố liên quan của bệnh cúm mùa phải nhập viện ở trẻ em năm 20232024. Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học. 2025. 189(4), 187-194. doi: 10.52852/tcncyh.v189i4.3184.
3. Nguyễn Thị Thu Thùy. Căn nguyên virus và một số yếu tố liên quan trong viêm tiểu phế quản ở trẻ em. Tạp chí Nghiên cứu Y học. 2020. 131(7), 99-105.
4. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Bronchiolitis in children: diagnosis and management. 2021. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng9.
5. Nguyễn Thúy Giang. Các yếu tố ảnh hưởng tới độ nặng của viêm tiểu phế quản cấp ở trẻ em. Đại học Y Dược Hải Phòng. 2023. 126.
6. Best Practice Advocacy Centre New Zealand. Bronchiolitis in infants. Best Practice Journal. 2012. 46, 16-20. https://bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2012/September/bronchiolitis.aspx
7. Huỳnh Lê Ngọc Diễm, Nguyễn Minh Phương, Nguyễn Thị Thu Cúc. Tình hình nhiễm RSV bệnh viêm tiểu phế quản cấp ở trẻ em dưới 2 tuổi tại Bệnh viện Nhi Đồng Cần Thơ năm 20192020. Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ. 2020. 30, 1-6.
8. Phạm Bảo Toàn, Nguyễn Ngọc Rạng, Ngô Chí Quang. Đặc điểm lâm sàng và một số yếu tố liên quan đến viêm tiểu phế quản cấp mức độ nặng ở trẻ em tại Bệnh viện Nhi Đồng Cần Thơ. Tạp chí Y Dược học Cần Thơ. 2025. 85, 57-63. doi: 10.58490/ctump.2025i85.3440.
9. Schuurhof A., Bont L., Siezen C.L. Interleukin-9 polymorphism in infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection: an opposite effect in boys and girls. Pediatric Pulmonology. 2010. 45(6), 608-613. doi: 10.1002/ppul.21229.
10. De Moraes-Pinto M.I., Suano-Souza F.I., Aranda C.S. Immune system: development and acquisition of immunological competence. Jornal de Pediatria. 2021. 97(Suppl 1), S59-S66. doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2020.10.006.
11. Hall C.B., Weinberg G.A., Iwane M.K., Blumkin A.K., Edwards K.M., et al. The burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in young children. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2009. 360(6), 588-598. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804877.
12. Azzari C., Baraldi E., Bonanni P., Bozzola E., Coscia A., et al. Epidemiology and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections in children in Italy. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2021. 47(1), 198. DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01148-8.
13. Brenes-Chacón H., Eisner M., Acero-Bedoya S., Ramilo O., Mejias A. Age-specific predictors of disease severity in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection beyond infancy and through the first 5 years of age. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2024, doi: 10.1097/INF.0000000000004144.