ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN THIẾU VITAMIN D Ở TRẺ VIÊM TIỂU PHẾ QUẢN CẤP TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI ĐỒNG CẦN THƠ

Abstract

  Background: Vitamin D regulates immune and inflammatory responses and may influence the risk and severity of respiratory infections in young children. Objectives: 1. To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of children with acute bronchiolitis; 2. To determine the prevalence and related factors of vitamin D deficiency. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 154 hospitalized children with acute bronchiolitis at Can Tho Children’s Hospital (2024–2026). Results: Most children were male (65.6%) and aged <6 months (61.7%). Common symptoms were cough (98.1%), rhinorrhea (76.6%), and wheezing (55.8%). Normal WBC counts were found in 92.8%, and isolated hyperinflation was the most frequent chest X-ray finding (40.9%). Vitamin D deficiency (≤30 ng/mL) was 22.7%, including insufficiency (20-30 ng/mL) 18.2% and true deficiency (<20 ng/mL) 4.5%. Factors associated with vitamin D deficiency included age <6 months, prematurity, malnutrition, exclusive breastfeeding, lack of daily sun exposure, and no postnatal vitamin D supplementation (p<0.05). Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation should be prioritized, particularly for high-risk infants, alongside counseling on adequate supplementation, appropriate sun exposure, and nutrition to improve vitamin D status and help reduce symptoms and severe progression of acute bronchiolitis.