ỨNG DỤNG KỸ THUẬT THẤM MIỄN DỊCH TRONG XÁC ĐỊNH DỊ NGUYÊN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN DA LIỄU THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ

Abstract

 Background: Immunoblotting enables precise determination of specific IgE against individual allergen components. This provides further scientific evidence for allergen avoidance, supports the assessment of allergy severity, and guides the selection of appropriate personalized treatment options for patients. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and detection levels of common allergens using immunoblotting in allergic specimens at Can Tho Dermatology Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical components was conducted on 182 specimens from allergic patients submitted to the Laboratory Department of Can Tho Dermatology Hospital from October 2024 to September 2025. Results: The study results showed that 70.9% of specimens were positive for at least one allergen. Among the 58 detected allergens, 15 exhibited the highest prevalence. The three most common allergens were Dermatophagoides farinae (54.9%), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (34.6%), and house dust (30.2%). Notably, allergens with strong, very strong, and extremely strong positive reactions were predominantly cockroach (6.6%), D. farinae (4.9%), and D. pteronyssinus (4.4%). In contrast, several allergens showed the lowest positivity rate (0.5%), including wheat, flounder/Alaska pollock, squid, and cheese/hard cheese. Most positive specimens reacted to two or more allergens (86.8%), while only 13.2% were positive to a single allergen. Conclusion: In our study, the overall allergen positivity rate was 70.9%, with 15 specific allergens exhibiting the highest positivity rates. Cockroach was the most prevalent allergen, followed by the house dust mites D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus.