KHẢO SÁT ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ BIẾN CHỨNG CỦA BỆNH SỞI Ở TRẺ EM TỪ 6 THÁNG ĐẾN 16 TUỔI NHẬP VIỆN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN CHUYÊN KHOA SẢN NHI TỈNH SÓC TRĂNG NĂM 2024 - 2025

Abstract

Background: Measles is an acute infectious disease commonly affecting children and may lead to severe complications; recent declines in vaccine coverage have increased the risk of outbreaks. Objective: To investigate the clinical, paraclinical characteristics, as well as complications, of measles in children aged 6 months to 16 years hospitalized at Soc Trang Hospital for Women and Children during 2024–2025. Materials and methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 403 medical records of children aged 6 months to 16 years diagnosed with measles and treated as inpatients in the Infectious Diseases Department of Soc Trang Hospital for Women and Children. Results: Typical clinical manifestations included fever (99.0%), fever ≥ 3 days (82.1%), cough/rhinorrhea (93.8%), conjunctivitis (78.9%), Koplik spots (72.7%), and characteristic rash (67.2%), while less frequent signs included lymphadenopathy (7.7%), ear pain/discharge (6.9%), and malnutrition (4.0%). Laboratory results showed that most patients had normal values: white blood cell count (82.4%), platelet count (92.6%), and CRP (81.4%), whereas increased values were observed in white blood cells (17.6%), platelets (7.4%), and CRP (18.6%). Complications occurred in 94.8% of patients, primarily conjunctivitis (92.9%), intestinal infections (23.8%), and pneumonia (21.5%). Diarrhea and symptoms such as red/swollen/tearing eyes, and increased white blood cell count were statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of measles complications (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Measles in children mainly presents with typical clinical symptoms. The high rate of complications underscores the importance of early monitoring and timely management to reduce long-term sequelae and severe outcomes in affected children.