NGHIÊN CỨU TÌNH TRẠNG KHỐI CƠ MỠ VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN KHỐI CƠ MỠ Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TÍP 2 TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Alterations in body composition, specifically muscle and fat compartments, are central to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D), being linked to insulin resistance, glycemic control, and cardiovascular risk. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) provides precise quantification of body composition, yet remains underused in Vietnam. Objectives: 1) To assess the status of muscle and fat mass; 2) To identify factors associated with body composition among patients with type 2 diabetes at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 adults with T2D receiving treatment at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from January 2023 to May 2025. Results: Mean age was 67.7 ± 7.1 years; 87.5% were female. Mean BMI was 23.4 ± 3.6 kg/m². Mean total fat mass was 21.4 ± 6.3 kg; total muscle mass 32.22 ± 5.24 kg; appendicular muscle mass 11.9 ± 2.8 kg; and RSMI 4.98 ± 0.96 kg/m². Total fat mass, abdominal fat percentage, gluteal fat percentage, and total muscle mass increased across BMI categories. Total fat mass and gluteal fat percentage differed across HbA1c strata, with HbA1c ≥ 9% showing lower fat values. In multivariable models, BMI was a strong predictor of both fat and total muscle (B ≈ +1.423 and +1.970 per +1 kg/m², p<0.001), whereas HbA1c was inversely associated with fat indices (p≤0.002). Conclusions: Among patients with T2D, relative skeletal muscle index (RSMI) averaged 4.98 ± 0.96 kg/m². BMI showed a strong relationship with adiposity and total muscle mass, HbA1c was inversely associated with total fat mass and fat percentages after adjustment. These findings underscore the importance of weight management alongside optimization of glycemic control to preserve muscle mass and improve body-composition profiles in T2D.