ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN BỆNH RÁM MÁ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN DA LIỄU THÀNH PHỐ CẦN THƠ NĂM 2024-2025

Abstract

Background: Melasma is a chronic acquired pigmentation disorder that affects aesthetics, particularly in women. Its etiology is complex, involving environmental, hormonal, and cellular factors. Clinically, melasma is characterized by well-defined light to dark brown or gray-brown patches, mainly on the face, especially on both cheeks. Although it does not pose a serious health risk, melasma can negatively impact patients' psychology and quality of life. Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and associated factors of melasma at Can Tho Dermato-Venereology Hospital in 2024-2025. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 30 patients at Can Tho Dermato-Venereology Hospital. Results: The mean age of onset was 47.67 ± 4.999 years, with 100% of cases occurring in women. Occupational distribution: traders (43.3%), housewives (26.7%), office workers (23.3%), and laborers (6.7%). Clinical types: butterfly pattern (73.3%), centrofacial (16.7%), and indeterminate (10%). Melasma severity based on the MASI score: moderate (20%), severe (66.7%), and very severe (13.3%). Related factors: skin type III (50%) and IV (50%); sun exposure > 60 minutes (43.3%); Improper mask use (56.7%); Lack of wide-brimmed hat use (76.7%); Improper or no sunscreen use (40% each). Frequent cosmetic use (40%), oral contraceptive use (60%), history of pregnancy-related melasma (50%), and family history (16.7%). A statistically significant correlation was found between melasma severity (MASI score) and sun exposure, protective habits, oral contraceptives, and menstrual cycles (p<0.05). Conclusion: Melasma has distinct clinical features, and its severity is influenced by multiple endogenous and exogenous factors.