ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ CẬN LÂM SÀNG BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM PHỔI LIÊN QUAN THỞ MÁY ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI KHOA GÂY MÊ HỒI SỨC VÀ HỒI SỨC TÍCH CỰC BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA TRUNG ƯƠNG CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital-acquired infection and the leading cause of death in intensive care units. It occurs in mechanically ventilated patients, increases morbidity, prolongs hospital stays, and raises treatment costs. Objectives: To describe the clinical and para-clinical characteristics of ventilator-associated pneumonia patients in the Department of Anesthesiology-Intensive Care, Can Tho Central General Hospital. Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted on 68 patients aged 18 years or older, diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia and treated in the Department of Anesthesiology-Intensive Care at Can Tho Central General Hospital. Results: The mean age of patients was 62±17.8 years, with those aged ≥ 60 years accounting for 63.2%. Males comprised 58.8% of the cohort. Early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia was predominant, accounting for 92.6% of cases. Common clinical signs and symptoms included fever ≥ 38°C (95.6%), crackles (86.8%), and accessory muscle use (8.8%). Regarding laboratory findings, 98.5% of patients had leukocytosis (white blood cell count > 12 G/L), and elevated procalcitonin levels (≥ 0.5ng/mL) were observed in 47.2% of cases. The most frequently isolated pathogen was Acinetobacter baumannii (36.8%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (29.4%) and Staphylococcus saprophyticus (11.8%). Conclusion: Ventilator-associated pneumonia was commonly observed in elderly patients, particularly in those aged ≥ 60 years. Most cases had early onset. The predominant causative pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria, with Acinetobacter baumannii being the most frequently isolated, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Common clinical manifestations included fever ≥ 38°C and crackles on auscultation. Frequent laboratory findings were leukocytosis, elevated procalcitonin levels, and normal peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂).