Background: Febrile seizures are the most common type of seizures in children and one of the main reasons parents bring their children to the emergency department. Although generally benign, febrile seizures can recur and increase the risk of epilepsy later in life. Several risk factors, such as fever severity, family history, and nutritional status, have been reported; however, the evidence remains inconsistent. Identifying key risk factors is essential for guiding prevention strategies and optimizing management. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and investigate certain risk factors associated with febrile seizures in children aged 6 to 60 months at Can Tho Children’s Hospital. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted, including 140 children aged 6 to 60 months diagnosed with febrile seizures (case group) and 140 febrile children without seizures (control group) at Can Tho Children’s Hospital. Results: The mean age in the case group was 21.5 months, while in the control group, it was 21.3 months. Febrile seizures occurred most frequently in children aged 12 to 24 months (34.3%). A body temperature of ≥39°C at seizure onset was observed in 52.1% of cases. The seizure duration was less than 15 minutes in 97.1% of cases, and the seizure type was predominantly generalized (98.6%). Postictal consciousness was intact in all cases (100%). The primary cause of fever in both groups was respiratory infections. Significant risk factors for febrile seizures included a family history of febrile seizures, birth interventions, low serum zinc levels, and iron deficiency anemia, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Febrile seizures are predominantly generalized, short in duration (<15 minutes), and mainly occur at a body temperature of ≥39°C, with full recovery of consciousness post-seizure. Identified risk factors for febrile seizures include family history of  febrile seizure, iron deficiency anemia, and zinc deficiency.