The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol was initially proposed for laparoscopic colorectal surgery and has since expanded to various other specialized surgeries, including thoracic surgery. With the continuous advancement of medical expertise, patient care has become increasingly standardized to reduce treatment costs, enhance treatment quality, and promote early recovery for postoperative patients. At Cho Ray Hospital, the ERAS program has been implemented since 2022 and has achieved promising results. However, there is still a lack of in-depth research on the effectiveness of the ERAS protocol in thoracic surgery and lung resection patients. Additionally, the ERAS program remains relatively new to most healthcare professionals. The ERAS protocol involves a patient-centered approach that begins before surgery, continues during surgery, and extends until discharge. It has demonstrated benefits in improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs, encompassing three phases: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative, with 26 key components. The ERAS program has proven to play a crucial role in reducing postoperative complications, shortening hospital stays, and lowering readmission rates for patients undergoing thoracoscopic surgery for lung disease. Although the ERAS program has been introduced in Vietnam, it has yet to receive widespread attention from clinicians. There is a need to enhance education and promote the ERAS program across healthcare facilities to help patients recover quickly after surgery and reduce treatment costs.