KHẢO SÁT ĐẶC ĐIỂM HUYẾT ĐỒ BỆNH CỦA BỆNH β-THALASSEMIA TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HUYẾT HỌC – TRUYỀN MÁU CẦN THƠ VÀ BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ NĂM 2021-2022

Abstract

Background: A complete blood count and peripheral blood smear give clues to diagnose betathalassemia that is caused by the reduced or absent production of the beta globin chains, therefore, we decided to investigate hematological characteristics of these patients. Objectives: To determine the characteristics of complete blood count and peripheral blood smear in β-thalassemia patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 33 patients with β-thalassemia presented at Can Tho Hematology – Blood Transfusion Hospital and Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Results: Red blood cell index in the minor group: RBC was 5.9±0.6(1012/L), HGB was 129.7±7.8(g/dL), MCV was 73.3±6.6(fL), MCH was 22.4±2.8(pg), RDW was 12.4±1.4(%). In the intermediate group: RBC was 3.6±1.8(1012/L), HGB was 88±42.3(g/dL), MCV was 76.2±2.1(fL), MCH was 24.6 ±0.6(pg), RDW was 19.7±5.2(%). In the severe group: RBC was 2.8±0.6(1012/L), HGB was 70.7±8(g/dL), MCV was 80.5±8(fL), MCH was 25.8±3(pg), RDW was 22.1±6.8(%). In the βthalassemia/HbE group: RBC was 3.3±0.7(1012/L), HGB was 68.9±16(g/dL), MCV was 68.5±7(fL), MCH was 21.2±2.2(pg), RDW was 28.8±5.5(%). In terms of cell morphology, microcytic cells accounted for 100% in the minor group, 66.7% in the intermediate and severe group, 75% in β-thalassemia/HbE, the rest were irregular erythrocytes; all patients had hypochromic cells; Target cells are 57.1% in the minor group, 66.7% in the intermediate group, 33.3% in the severe group, 70% in the β-thalassemia/HbE group, the rest are poikilocytosis, only a few specimens have normal cells. Besides, on the specimen, nuclear erythrocytes, fragmented cells, and Howell-Jolly inclusion bodies were also recorded. Conclusion: Indices of complete blood count are changes: RBC, Hb, MCH, MCV almost decrease and RDW increases; besides, peripheral blood smears record typical changes: microcytes, hypochromasia, target cells, fragmented RBC and others.