ĐẶC ĐIỂM VIÊM PHỔI LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Ở TRẺ EM TỪ 2 THÁNG ĐẾN 5 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN ĐA KHOA BẠC LIÊU NĂM 2025–2026

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age. Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that may cause severe disease, particularly in the context of the increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and PantonValentine leukocidin production. Objectives: To determine the detection rate and describe the clinical, laboratory, microbiological characteristics, and treatment outcomes among children with Staphylococcus aureus-associated pneumonia at Bac Lieu General Hospital. Materials and methods:  A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 children aged 02 months to 05 years who were diagnosed with pneumonia and hospitalized at Bac Lieu General Hospital from May 2025 to March 2026. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 32 of 160 cases (20.0%). Among these, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 87.5% (28/32), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus for 12.5% (4/32), and Panton-Valentine leukocidin positivity for 12.5% (4/32). Coinfections were recorded in 56.3% of cases (18/32). Respiratory support was required in 81.3% of children, and antibiotic therapy was changed or combined in 62.5%. Overall, 96.9% of children improved and were discharged, 3.1% were transferred, and no deaths were recorded. Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus-associated pneumonia in children at Bac Lieu General Hospital showed a high proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, along with notable Panton-Valentine leukocidin positivity and coinfection; early recognition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus risk, assessment of coinfections, and close monitoring during treatment are needed.