NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH ẢNH GAN NHIỄM MỠ TRÊN SIÊU ÂM VÀ MỐI LIÊN QUAN VỚI BMI, NỒNG ĐỘ LIPID MÁU Ở NGƯỜI TRƯỞNG THÀNH TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ NĂM 2023 - 2025

Abstract

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition, affecting approximately 25% of the global population. Its prevalence is rapidly increasing and it may progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Ultrasonography is able to diagnose and grade hepatic steatosis. Numerous studies have demonstrated an association between the degree of hepatic steatosis and serum lipid levels as well as body mass index (BMI). Objectives: To describe the ultrasonographic characteristics of hepatic steatosis in adults at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital, and to investigate the correlation between ultrasonographic features of hepatic steatosis and BMI as well as serum lipid levels in this population. Materials and methods: A crosssectional descriptive study was conducted on 178 patients aged 18 years and older who were diagnosed with hepatic steatosis on ultrasound at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from October 2023 to April 2025. Results: The age group over 60 years accounted for the highest proportion (32.6%). Females were more commonly affected than males (58.4% vs. 41.6%). Diffuse hepatic steatosis was predominant, with grade 1 accounting for 83.7%, grade 2 for 15.2%, and grade 3 for 1.1%. The majority of patients had no focal fatty sparing (82.1%). Hepatomegaly was observed in 29.8% of cases. The mean BMI was 24.5 kg/m², with 61.2% of patients having a normal BMI. Elevated LDL-C was found in 20.1% of patients, while elevated total cholesterol accounted for 32.3%. Most patients had normal HDL-C levels (61.1%). Elevated triglyceride levels were the most common lipid abnormality (37.1%). The degree of hepatic steatosis showed statistically significant correlations (p < 0.05) with hepatomegaly, BMI, and triglyceride levels, with correlation coefficients (r) of 0.694, 0.342, and 0.178, respectively. Conclusion: Most adults undergoing ultrasound examination at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital presented with diffuse, mild hepatic steatosis, with hepatomegaly observed in 29.8% of cases. The majority of patients were over 60 years of age, had a normal BMI, and elevated triglyceride levels. The severity of hepatic steatosis was positively correlated with hepatomegaly, BMI, and triglyceride levels.