KHẢO SÁT ĐẶC ĐIỂM THỰC VẬT HỌC, MÃ VẠCH DNA VÀ SƠ BỘ THÀNH PHẦN HÓA HỌC CỦA LOÀI RAU MƯƠNG THU HÁI TẠI TỈNH AN GIANG

Abstract

Background: Water primrose plants is a common medicinal plant in An Giang Province, traditionally used for heat-clearing, detoxification, dampness elimination, pharyngitis,…. However, distinguishing this species from other Ludwigia species is difficult and prone to confusion. Therefore, establishing a dataset on the morphology, anatomy, DNA barcoding, and chemical composition of water primrose plants is necessary to support further research. Objective: To investigate the botanical characteristics, DNA barcoding, and chemical composition of water primrose plants collected in An Giang Province. Materials and methods: Water primrose plants were collected from An Giang Province during the flowering period, from March to April, 2024. Botanical characteristics were determined through morphological and anatomical analyses. DNA barcoding was performed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted using specific reagents. Results: The study identified the water primrose species collected in An Giang Province as Ludwigia prostrata Roxb., belonging to the family Onagraceae. The species is characterized by herbaceous growth form, including its subshrub growth habit, alternate simple leaves, bisexual flowers with 4 sepals, 4 petals, and an inferior ovary with axile placentation. Microscopic examination of stem and leaf tissues provided further diagnostic characteristics. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of several classes of bioactive compounds, including: flavonoid, tannin, coumarin, triterpenoid, and essential oil. Conclusions: The study provides valuable information on the botanical characteristics and chemical composition of L. prostrata, serving as a foundation for future applications of this medicinal plant.