KHẢO SÁT TẾ BÀO HỌC DỊCH RỬA MỎM TRỰC TRÀNG VÀ ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ NGẮN HẠN SAU PHẪU THUẬT NỘI SOI CẮT TRƯỚC TRONG ĐIỀU TRỊ UNG THƯ ĐẠI TRỰC TRÀNG

Abstract

Background: Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer has become widely adopted in surgical centers globally, offering demonstrated advantages such as reduced abdominal wall trauma, decreased postoperative pain, lower infection rates, minimized risk of abdominal herniation, shorter hospitalization, faster recovery, improved cosmetic outcomes, and oncological safety. Objective: To determine the rate of malignant cells detected in rectal stump lavage fluid using the cell-block technique and to evaluate early treatment outcomes after laparoscopic anterior resection in patients with colorectal cancer. Materials and method: A prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study with analytical components was conducted on 90 colorectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery between May 2022 and December 2024. Results: Male-to-female ratio:1.5:1. Mean age: 63.07 ± 10,566 (32 - 89) years. Cancer cells were detected in the rectal stump lavage fluid in 1.1% of cases. Positive CRM (circumferential resection margin) was found in 7.8% of patients. Mean operative time: 229.53 ± 52.99 (115 – 360) minutes. Postoperative complications: 5 cases of anastomotic leakage (5.6%). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 9.08 ± 3.167 days, with the shortest stay being 6 days and the longest 32 days. Histopathological findings: moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma accounted for 53.3%, poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma 54.4%, and undifferentiated adenocarcinoma 1.1%.Postoperative staging: 84.4% of patients were in stages I to III, and 5.6% were in stage IVa. Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of colorectal cancer has been shown to be feasible and safe, both technically and oncologically. In this study, the detection rate of cancer cells in rectal stump lavage fluid was 1.1%. CRM (+) was 7.8%.