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MICROBIOME AND ACNE VULGARIS
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Abstract
Acne vulgaris is the most common skin disease. Among the factors that cause acne vulgaris are the abnormal keratinisation of the sebaceous canal, bacterial colonisation (Cutibacterium acnes), increased sebum production, genotypic factors, and hormonal disorders. It has been shown that it is the loss of microbial diversity in the skin and the imbalance among C. acnes ribotypes that bring about acne rather than the C.acnes species as a whole. Besides, recent evidence suggests that other microorganisms may be implicated, such as the fungi Malassezia and the bacteria Cutibacterium granulosum. A plethora of scientific evidence suggests that the gut microbiome is implicated in the overall health and physiology of the host; studies show that the gut microbiome of acne patients is distinct and depicts less microbial diversity compared to individuals without acne. Given the aggressiveness of some standard acne treatments, probiotics should continue to be investigated as an alternative or adjuvant therapy. The use of internal supplementation and probiotic-containing cosmetics gives hope for the improvement of the skin condition of people with acne. The objective of this narrative review was to check the influence of the human microbiota in the pathogenesis of acne and how the treatment with probiotics as adjuvant or alternative therapy affects the evolution of acne vulgaris.
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Keywords
Acne, microbiome, skin microflora, Gut microbiome, probiotics
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