NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, PHÂN LOẠI KHE HỞ VÒM MIỆNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC CẦN THƠ NĂM 2023 - 2025

Abstract

  Background: Cleft palate (CP) is one of the most common congenital craniofacial anomalies in newborns. This defect occurs due to the failure of fusion of the palatal structures during early fetal development, leading to abnormal communication between the oral and nasal cavities. CP significantly affects functions such as feeding and speech, increases the risk of otitis media and malnutrition, and causes psychological and social difficulties in children. Objectives: To investigate the clinical characteristics and classification of CP in patients treated at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from 2023 to 2025. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 41 patients with congenital CP who had not undergone previous palatal repair surgery. Results: General characteristics: The study included 41 patients with CP: 28 males and 13 females, predominantly aged ≥6 years (39%). Clinical features and classification:Complete cleft palate accounted for the highest proportion (68.2%; 28/41), followed by soft palate cleft (22%; 9/41) and hard palate cleft (9.8%; 4/41). The rate of associated cleft lip (CL) was 43.9%, with prior CL repair recorded in 56.1% of cases. Among CL cases, left-sided clefts accounted for 41.5%, right-sided and bilateral clefts each accounted for 7.3%. Alveolar cleft was observed in 36.6%, with left-sided alveolar clefts accounting for 51.2%, left-sided alveolar clefts at 9.8% and bilateral alveolar clefts at 2.4%. Conclusions: The male-tofemale ratio was approximately 2:1 and the most frequent age group was ≥6 years. Common patterns included complete cleft palate, CP combined with CL and CP combined with left-side alveolar cleft.