DIFFERENTIATING PHYSIOLOGICAL ADAPTATIONS FROM PATHOLOGICAL CARDIOVASCULAR MANIFESTATIONS IN ATHLETES
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Athletes undergo high-intensity training that induces significant alterations in cardiac structure and function. These physiological adaptations enhance physical performance but may also pose latent risks for cardiovascular pathologies, such as myocardial hypertrophy, arrhythmias, or sudden cardiac death. This review aims to analyze common cardiovascular physiological changes observed in athletes, identify risk factors associated with pathological abnormalities, and propose strategies to distinguish between physiological and pathological cardiac adaptations in bodybuilders. Overview: We employed a comprehensive synthesis and analysis of the literature to explore key topics, including physiological cardiac adaptations in athletes, potential pathological abnormalities, and methods for differentiation between physiological and pathological states. Diagnostic tools such as electrocardiography (ECG), 24hour Holter monitoring, myocardial tissue Doppler imaging, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are discussed in this context. Future directions and clinical applications: Recent studies have increasingly focused on the application of technology, molecular biology, and geneticsalong with wearable smart devices-to facilitate the early detection of pathological cardiovascular abnormalities in athletes. Conclusion: Athletes represent a population with distinct physiological cardiovascular adaptations. The establishment of structured screening protocols and close monitoring is essential to reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death and ensure the safety of individuals engaged in high-intensity physical training.
Keywords
Athlete, heart, cardiovascular disease
Article Details
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