NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ BỆNH THALASSEMIA TẠI BỆNH VIỆN SẢN NHI TỈNH KIÊN GIANG NĂM 2024 - 2025

Abstract

 Background: Thalassemia is a group of hemoglobin disorders causing anemia, hemolytic anemia, and is responsible for 3.4% of deaths in children under 5 years of age. Currently, in addition to good management, the main treatments are blood transfusions and regular iron chelation therapy. The study aims to gather more scientific evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of thalassemia patients. Objectives: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and to evaluate the results of blood transfusion treatment in pediatric patients with Thalassemia at Kien Giang Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital in 2024-2025. Materials andmethods: A descriptive cross-sectional study with analysis was conducted on 56 children aged 6 months to 15 years diagnosed with Thalassemia who were examined and treated at Kien Giang Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital from 2024 - 2025. Results: The β-thalassemia trait accounted for 67.9% of cases, HbE/β-thalassemia for 26.8%, and HbH for 5.4%. The clinical features of the study subjects were pale mucosa (89.3%), followed by splenomegaly (85.7%), jaundice (76.8%), bone deformities (73.2%), and other symptoms. The proportion of patients achieving the target hemoglobin level at discharge was 21.4%. Conclusion: Thalassemia patients presented with pale mucosa, splenomegaly, jaundice, and bone deformities. Hb and Hct levels at discharge were low, with no adverse reactions following packed red blood cell transfusion.