ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VIÊM PHỔI VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN VIÊM PHỔI NẶNG Ở TRẺ EM TỪ 1-15 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI ĐỒNG CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is a condition of inflammatory damage to the lung parenchyma, which can spread to both lungs or concentrate in one lobe or segment of the lung. Pneumonia has diverse clinical and subclinical characteristics, especially severe pneumonia has the risk of causing death in children. Objectives: To describe the characteristics of clinical, paraclinical and some factors related to severe pneumonia in children 1-15 years at Can Tho Children’s Hospital from 2023 to 2024. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 104 pediatric patients 1-15 years old diagnosed with pneumonia. Results: Age 1 - <5 years accounted for the highest rate of 78.8%, males (58.7%), malnutrition (26%), overweight and obesity (20.2%). Clinical features included fever (84.6%), tachypnea (49%), cough with phlegm (61.5%), wheezing (57.7%), dyspnea (34.6%), pulmonary rales (91.3%), pleural effusion (7.7%), pneumonia (71%) and severe pneumonia (29%). Paraclinical features included 15.4% increased total white blood cell; 56.7% had anemia; 39.2% of CRP increased and 100% of plain chest X-rays showed lung parenchymal damage. Some related factors such as age group, gender, place of residence, malnutrition, overweight and obesity leading to severe pneumonia were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Pneumonia in children has diverse clinical and paraclinical characteristics, notably fever, cough with phlegm, lung rales and plain chest X-ray showing lung parenchymal damage. Severe pneumonia accounts for about 1/3 of pneumonia cases, however some factors associated with severe pneumonia were not statistically significant.