HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF NEONATAL ILLNESS IN PRETERM AND SMALL-FOR-GESTATIONAL-AGE TERM NEWBORNS DURING THE EARLY NEONATAL PERIOD: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
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Abstract
Background: The early neonatal period is a critical time for newborns to adapt to the extrauterine environment. Neonatal illnesses, particularly preterm infants and small-for-gestational-age term infants, are at high risk for hematological disorders due to the underdeveloped hematopoietic system or chronic hypoxia during pregnancy. Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of common neonatal diseases in preterm infants and small-for-gestational-age term infants during the early neonatal period. 2. To describe the characteristics of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the hematological profile of pathological preterm infants and small-for-gestational-age term infants during the early neonatal period. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with analysis was conducted on 250 neonates with illness aged 0-6 days at the Department of Pediatrics – Neonatology, Can Tho Gynecology Obstetrics Hospital, during the period 2023–2025. Results: The average birth weight of preterm infants was 1728 ± 610 grams, lower than the 2306 ± 238 grams in small-for-gestational-age term infants. The polycythemia rate was 23.9% in small-for-gestational-age term infants, compared to 4.4% in preterm infants. Blood tests showed that small-for-gestational-age term infants had higher red blood cell counts, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, while the anemia rate in preterm infants was 35.8%, higher than 17.4% in small-forgestational-age term infants. Conclusions: Preterm infants have a higher anemia rate and lower red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and white blood cell count compared to small-for-gestational-age term infants. Meanwhile, small-for-gestational-age term infants have a higher polycythemia rate. Conditions such as anemia, respiratory distress not due to infection are more common in preterm infants, while small-forgestational-age term infants mainly suffer from polycythemia and hyperbilirubinemia.
Keywords
hematological profile, preterm infants, small-for-gestational-age term infants, early neonatal period
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References
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