NGHIÊN CỨU MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN VIÊM PHỔI NẶNG Ở TRẺ EM TỪ 2 THÁNG ĐẾN 5 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI ĐỒNG 1 THÀNH PHỐ HỒ CHÍ MINH

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is a common condition and one of the leading causes of mortality in children under 5 years old worldwide, accounting for 15% of total childhood mortality in this age group, particularly severe pneumonia. Understanding the risk factors associated with severe pneumonia is essential for developing appropriate treatment and prevention strategies, helping to reduce the mortality rate due to severe pneumonia in children. Objective: To determine the proportion of severe pneumonia, describe the clinical, paraclinical characteristics and some severe pneumonia-related factors in children aged 2 months to 5 years at Children's Hospital 1. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study on 78 hospitalized children aged 2 months to 5 years at Children's Hospital 1 from May 2023 to January 2024. Results: Out of 78 children with pneumonia, 21/78 had severe pneumonia (26.9%). Cough and chest indrawing were consistently present. The majority of peripheral blood leukocyte counts were within normal limits (76.9%). Common findings on chest X-rays included alveolar damage, often present bilaterally (70.6% and 88.5%). Independent risk factors associated with severe pneumonia included: preterm birth (p<0.05), incomplete vaccination (p<0.05), and lack of breastfeeding (p=0.007). Conclusion: Severe pneumonia remains a significant threat to children under 5 years old. Public awareness and recommendations for parents to ensure complete vaccination, promote breastfeeding, and minimize the risk of preterm birth are key measures to reduce the incidence of severe pneumonia in children.