FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING: AN OVERVIEW AND APPLICATIONS ON POST-STROKE REHABILITATION
Main Article Content
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of disability, requiring a considerable demand for rehabilitation. Stroke management is still being challenged by several limitations, including pathomechanism understanding of poststroke sequelae, functional prognosis, and rehabilitation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a potential imaging technique that has been used in research and clinical practice in different fields. This study is to provide an overview of fMRI and summarize current evidence regarding its applications on stroke-related sequelae pathomechanism understanding, prognosis, and rehabilitation in poststroke patients.
Keywords
Stroke, rehabilitation, functional magnetic resonance imaging
Article Details
References
1. Hilkens NA, Casolla B, Leung TW, de Leeuw FE. Stroke. Lancet. 2024. 403(10446), 2820-36. DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00642-1.
2. Kuriakose D, Xiao Z. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2020. 21(20). DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207609.
3. Kernan WN, Viera AJ, Billinger SA, Bravata DM, Stark SL, Kasner SE, et al. Primary Care of Adult Patients After Stroke: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021. 52(9), e558-e71. DOI:
10.1161/str.0000000000000382.
4. Defense DoVADo. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of stroke rehabilitation. 2024.
5. Jones CA, Colletti CM, Ding MC. Post-stroke Dysphagia: Recent Insights and Unanswered Questions. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020. 20(12), 61. DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-01081-z.
6. Yuan X, Hu S, Fan X, Jiang C, Xu Y, Hao R, et al. Central post-stroke pain: advances in clinical and preclinical research. Stroke Vasc Neurol.2024. DOI: 10.1136/svn-2024-003418.
7. Glover GH. Overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurg Clin N Am.2011. 22(2), 133-9, vii. DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2010.11.001.
8. Czap AL, Sheth SA. Overview of Imaging Modalities in Stroke. Neurology. 2021. 97(20 Suppl 2), S42-s51. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012794.
9. Ogawa S, Lee TM. Magnetic resonance imaging of blood vessels at high fields: in vivo and in vitro measurements and image simulation. Magn Reson Med. 1990. 16(1), 9-18. DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910160103.
10. Jean-Michel Lemée DHB, Florian Bernard, et al. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging versus task-based activity for language mapping and correlation with perioperative cortical mapping. Brain and Behavior, 2019.
11. Yang D, Zhang X, Luo X, Zhang F, Sun S, Shaocheng L, et al. Abnormal Local Brain Activity and Cognitive Impairments in Young Non-Disabled Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2024. 60(3), 941-51. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29166.
12. Yao G, Li J, Liu S, Wang J, Cao X, Li X, et al. Alterations of Functional Connectivity in Stroke Patients With Basal Ganglia Damage and Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol. 2020. 11980. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00980.
13. Rehme AK, Fink GR, von Cramon DY, Grefkes C. The role of the contralesional motor cortex for motor recovery in the early days after stroke assessed with longitudinal FMRI. Cereb Cortex. 2011. 21(4), 756-68. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq140.
14. Grefkes C, Nowak DA, Eickhoff SB, Dafotakis M, Küst J, Karbe H, et al. Cortical connectivity after subcortical stroke assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol. 2008. 63(2), 236-46. DOI: 10.1002/ana.21228.
15. Zhang Y. Applications of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Determining the Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Rehabilitation of Spatial Neglect. Frontiers in Neurology, 2020.
16. Ren W, Wang M, Wang Q, Huang Q, Feng S, Tao J, et al. Altered functional connectivity in patients with post-stroke fatigue: A resting-state fMRI study. J Affect Disord. 2024. 35046875. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.129.
17. O’Donnell MJ, Diener H-C, Sacco RL, Panju AA, Vinisko R, Yusuf S. Chronic Pain Syndromes After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2013. 44(5), 1238-43. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.671008.
18. Elias GJB, De Vloo P, Germann J, Boutet A, Gramer RM, Joel SE, et al. Mapping the network underpinnings of central poststroke pain and analgesic neuromodulation. PAIN. 2020. 161(12), 2805-19. DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001998.
19. Peng SJ, Chen YW, Hung A, Wang KW, Tsai JZ. Connectome-based predictive modeling for functional recovery of acute ischemic stroke. Neuroimage Clin. 2023. 38103369. DOI:
10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103369.
20. Lasek-Bal A, Kidoń J, Błaszczyszyn M, Stasiów B, Żak A. BOLD fMRI signal in stroke patients and its importance for prognosis in the subacute disease period - Preliminary report. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2018. 52(3), 341-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2017.12.006.
21. Carter AR, Astafiev SV, Lang CE, Connor LT, Rengachary J, Strube MJ, et al. Resting interhemispheric functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity predicts performance after stroke. Ann Neurol. 2010. 67(3), 365-75. DOI: 10.1002/ana.21905.
22. Chi NF, Ku HL, Chen DY, Tseng YC, Chen CJ, Lin YC, et al. Cerebral Motor Functional Connectivity at the Acute Stage: An Outcome Predictor of Ischemic Stroke. Sci Rep. 2018. 8(1), 16803. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35192-y.
23. Park CH, Chang WH, Ohn SH, Kim ST, Bang OY, Pascual-Leone A, et al. Longitudinal changes of resting-state functional connectivity during motor recovery after stroke. Stroke. 2011.42(5), 1357-62. DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.596155.
24. Xia Y, Huang G, Quan X, Qin Q, Li H, Xu C, et al. Dynamic Structural and Functional Reorganizations Following Motor Stroke. Med Sci Monit. 2021. 27e929092. DOI: 10.12659/msm.929092.
25. Dacosta-Aguayo R, Graña M, Savio A, Fernández-Andújar M, Millán M, López-Cancio E, et al. Prognostic value of changes in resting-state functional connectivity patterns in cognitive recovery after stroke: A 3T fMRI pilot study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014. 35(8), 3819-31. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22439.
26. Iorga M, Higgins J, Caplan D, Zinbarg R, Kiran S, Thompson CK, et al. Predicting language recovery in post-stroke aphasia using behavior and functional MRI. Sci Rep. 2021. 11(1), 8419. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88022-z.
27. Cramer SC, Parrish TB, Levy RM, Stebbins GT, Ruland SD, Lowry DW, et al. Predicting functional gains in a stroke trial. Stroke. 2007. 38(7), 2108-14. DOI:
10.1161/strokeaha.107.485631.
28. Könönen M, Tarkka IM, Niskanen E, Pihlajamäki M, Mervaala E, Pitkänen K, et al. Functional MRI and motor behavioral changes obtained with constraint-induced movement therapy in chronic stroke. Eur J Neurol. 2012. 19(4), 578-86. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03572.x.
29. Tang Z, Liu T, Han K, Liu Y, Su W, Wang R, et al. The effects of rTMS on motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review of fMRI studies. Neurological Sciences. 2024. 45(3), 897-909. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07123-x.
30. Zhang Y, Lu H, Ren X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang C, et al. Immediate and long-term brain activation of acupuncture on ischemic stroke patients: an ALE meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Front Neurosci. 2024. 181392002. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1392002.
2. Kuriakose D, Xiao Z. Pathophysiology and Treatment of Stroke: Present Status and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci. 2020. 21(20). DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207609.
3. Kernan WN, Viera AJ, Billinger SA, Bravata DM, Stark SL, Kasner SE, et al. Primary Care of Adult Patients After Stroke: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021. 52(9), e558-e71. DOI:
10.1161/str.0000000000000382.
4. Defense DoVADo. VA/DoD clinical practice guideline for management of stroke rehabilitation. 2024.
5. Jones CA, Colletti CM, Ding MC. Post-stroke Dysphagia: Recent Insights and Unanswered Questions. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2020. 20(12), 61. DOI: 10.1007/s11910-020-01081-z.
6. Yuan X, Hu S, Fan X, Jiang C, Xu Y, Hao R, et al. Central post-stroke pain: advances in clinical and preclinical research. Stroke Vasc Neurol.2024. DOI: 10.1136/svn-2024-003418.
7. Glover GH. Overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurg Clin N Am.2011. 22(2), 133-9, vii. DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2010.11.001.
8. Czap AL, Sheth SA. Overview of Imaging Modalities in Stroke. Neurology. 2021. 97(20 Suppl 2), S42-s51. DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000012794.
9. Ogawa S, Lee TM. Magnetic resonance imaging of blood vessels at high fields: in vivo and in vitro measurements and image simulation. Magn Reson Med. 1990. 16(1), 9-18. DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910160103.
10. Jean-Michel Lemée DHB, Florian Bernard, et al. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging versus task-based activity for language mapping and correlation with perioperative cortical mapping. Brain and Behavior, 2019.
11. Yang D, Zhang X, Luo X, Zhang F, Sun S, Shaocheng L, et al. Abnormal Local Brain Activity and Cognitive Impairments in Young Non-Disabled Patients With Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2024. 60(3), 941-51. DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29166.
12. Yao G, Li J, Liu S, Wang J, Cao X, Li X, et al. Alterations of Functional Connectivity in Stroke Patients With Basal Ganglia Damage and Cognitive Impairment. Front Neurol. 2020. 11980. DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00980.
13. Rehme AK, Fink GR, von Cramon DY, Grefkes C. The role of the contralesional motor cortex for motor recovery in the early days after stroke assessed with longitudinal FMRI. Cereb Cortex. 2011. 21(4), 756-68. DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhq140.
14. Grefkes C, Nowak DA, Eickhoff SB, Dafotakis M, Küst J, Karbe H, et al. Cortical connectivity after subcortical stroke assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol. 2008. 63(2), 236-46. DOI: 10.1002/ana.21228.
15. Zhang Y. Applications of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Determining the Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Rehabilitation of Spatial Neglect. Frontiers in Neurology, 2020.
16. Ren W, Wang M, Wang Q, Huang Q, Feng S, Tao J, et al. Altered functional connectivity in patients with post-stroke fatigue: A resting-state fMRI study. J Affect Disord. 2024. 35046875. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.129.
17. O’Donnell MJ, Diener H-C, Sacco RL, Panju AA, Vinisko R, Yusuf S. Chronic Pain Syndromes After Ischemic Stroke. Stroke. 2013. 44(5), 1238-43. DOI: 10.1161/STROKEAHA.111.671008.
18. Elias GJB, De Vloo P, Germann J, Boutet A, Gramer RM, Joel SE, et al. Mapping the network underpinnings of central poststroke pain and analgesic neuromodulation. PAIN. 2020. 161(12), 2805-19. DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001998.
19. Peng SJ, Chen YW, Hung A, Wang KW, Tsai JZ. Connectome-based predictive modeling for functional recovery of acute ischemic stroke. Neuroimage Clin. 2023. 38103369. DOI:
10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103369.
20. Lasek-Bal A, Kidoń J, Błaszczyszyn M, Stasiów B, Żak A. BOLD fMRI signal in stroke patients and its importance for prognosis in the subacute disease period - Preliminary report. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2018. 52(3), 341-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.pjnns.2017.12.006.
21. Carter AR, Astafiev SV, Lang CE, Connor LT, Rengachary J, Strube MJ, et al. Resting interhemispheric functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity predicts performance after stroke. Ann Neurol. 2010. 67(3), 365-75. DOI: 10.1002/ana.21905.
22. Chi NF, Ku HL, Chen DY, Tseng YC, Chen CJ, Lin YC, et al. Cerebral Motor Functional Connectivity at the Acute Stage: An Outcome Predictor of Ischemic Stroke. Sci Rep. 2018. 8(1), 16803. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35192-y.
23. Park CH, Chang WH, Ohn SH, Kim ST, Bang OY, Pascual-Leone A, et al. Longitudinal changes of resting-state functional connectivity during motor recovery after stroke. Stroke. 2011.42(5), 1357-62. DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.110.596155.
24. Xia Y, Huang G, Quan X, Qin Q, Li H, Xu C, et al. Dynamic Structural and Functional Reorganizations Following Motor Stroke. Med Sci Monit. 2021. 27e929092. DOI: 10.12659/msm.929092.
25. Dacosta-Aguayo R, Graña M, Savio A, Fernández-Andújar M, Millán M, López-Cancio E, et al. Prognostic value of changes in resting-state functional connectivity patterns in cognitive recovery after stroke: A 3T fMRI pilot study. Hum Brain Mapp. 2014. 35(8), 3819-31. DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22439.
26. Iorga M, Higgins J, Caplan D, Zinbarg R, Kiran S, Thompson CK, et al. Predicting language recovery in post-stroke aphasia using behavior and functional MRI. Sci Rep. 2021. 11(1), 8419. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88022-z.
27. Cramer SC, Parrish TB, Levy RM, Stebbins GT, Ruland SD, Lowry DW, et al. Predicting functional gains in a stroke trial. Stroke. 2007. 38(7), 2108-14. DOI:
10.1161/strokeaha.107.485631.
28. Könönen M, Tarkka IM, Niskanen E, Pihlajamäki M, Mervaala E, Pitkänen K, et al. Functional MRI and motor behavioral changes obtained with constraint-induced movement therapy in chronic stroke. Eur J Neurol. 2012. 19(4), 578-86. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03572.x.
29. Tang Z, Liu T, Han K, Liu Y, Su W, Wang R, et al. The effects of rTMS on motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review of fMRI studies. Neurological Sciences. 2024. 45(3), 897-909. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-07123-x.
30. Zhang Y, Lu H, Ren X, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang C, et al. Immediate and long-term brain activation of acupuncture on ischemic stroke patients: an ALE meta-analysis of fMRI studies. Front Neurosci. 2024. 181392002. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1392002.