EFFECTS OF ACUTE MALNUTRITION ON THE RESULTS OF PNEUMONIA TREATMENT IN CHILDREN FROM 2 MONTHS TO 5 YEARS OLD

Van Trinh Nguyen1, Bich Cham Nguyen1, Nhat Duy Nguyen1, Van Thi Vo1, Minh Thu Nguyen1, Duc Tri Nguyen2, Tri Dien Lu1, Thach Ky Dieu1,
1 Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy
2 Can Tho Children's Hospital

Main Article Content

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia is a very common disease in children, especially children under 5 years old, due to their immature immune system not being able to fight against environmental pathogens. Malnutrition affects the severity and outcome of pneumonia treatment. Objectives: 1) To describe the results of pneumonia treatment in acute malnutrition children from 2 months to 5 years old. 2) To determine the relationship between acute malnutrition and the results of pneumonia treatment in children from 2 months to 5 years old. Materials and method: 174 children with pneumonia with acute malnutrition from 2 months to 5 years old are receiving inpatient treatment at Can Tho Children's Hospital, Disease group: Children diagnosed with pneumonia according to the Ministry of Health 2014: Children with cough, fever accompanied by at least one of the signs of rapid breathing according to age, chest indrawing (the lower part of the chest indents during inhalation), or rales lung abnormalities (moisture rales, bronchial rales, crackles, etc.) [6]. AND children diagnosed with acute malnutrition according to the Ministry of Health 2016: Children have 1 of 2 anthropometric conditions: arm circumference (MUAC) or weight for height (CN/CC) lower than the normal threshold for age and gender (in which, severe malnutrition with MUAC<115 mm or CN/CC<-3SD, moderate malnutrition with 115mm≤MUAC<125mm or -3SD≤CN/CC<-2SD) [7]. Control group: children diagnosed with pneumonia without acute malnutrition. Disease control research. Results: Some characteristics after treatment: antibiotic combination was 28.2%, antibiotic change counted for 31.6%, respiratory support was 19.0%, intensive care unit transfer was 6.9%, curative treatment results was 98.7%. There is a significant correlation between acute malnutrition with pneumonia and the characteristics of treatment outcomes: severe pneumonia (p<0.001), combined with antibiotics (p<0.001), respiratory support (p=0.012) and transfer to Intensive Care Unit (p=0.017). Acute malnutrition with pneumonia was not significantly different from changing antibiotics (p<0.625) and death after treatment (p=0.560). Conclusion: Acute malnutrition is statistically significantly different from the severity of pneumonia, antibiotic combination, respiratory support, and transfer to the Intensive Care Unit.

Article Details

References

1. Matthew S. K. and Thomas J. S. (2020), “Community-acquired pneumonia”, Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, Elsevier, pp.8956-8960.
2. Maralegu D. and Zar H. J. (2019), “Childhood pneumonia in low-and-middle-income countries: An update”, Paediatr Respir Rev, 32, pp.3-9.
3. National Institute of Nutrition (2021), “Ministry of Health announced the results of the Nutrition survey 2019-2020”, Ministry of Health.
4. Thuong Chi Tang, Hung Thanh Nguyen and Quang Van Pham (2021), “Community-acquired pneumonia in children”, Lectures on Pediatrics: Curriculum for Undergraduates and Graduates, Ho Chi Minh National University Press, pp.306-321.
5. McAllister D. A. (2014), “Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years between 2000 and 2015”, Lancet Glob Health, 7, pp. 47-57.
6. Ministry of Health (2014), “Community-acquired pneumonia guideline in children”, Ministry of Health.
7. Ministry of Health (2016), “Diagnosis and treatment of acute malnutrition in children aged 0-72 months”, Ministry of Health.
8. Dien Tri Lu (2023), “Research on clinical and paraclinical characteristics and evaluate the results of pneumonia treatment in critically malnourished children aged 2 months to 5 years old in Can Tho Children's Hospital 2022-2023”, Level II Specialist Thesis, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy.
9. Tan Minh Vo (2018), “Research on clinical and paraclinical characteristics and evaluate the results of pneumonia treatment in critically malnourished children aged 2 months to 5 years old in Can Tho Children's Hospital 2017-2018”, Level II Specialist Thesis. Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy.
10. Susila I. N. W., Suryawan I. W. B., et al (2021), "Association between Nutritional Status and Severity Of Pneumonia among Children under Five Years attending Wangaya District Hospital", Warmadewa Medical Journal, 6(1), pp. 2257-2267
11. Kharisma D. S., Zahra B. A. S. (2022), "Nutritional Status and Severity of Pneumonia among Inpatient of Children Under Five Years", Muhammadiyah Medical Journal, 3(2), pp. 40-46. DOI: https://doi.org/10.24853/mmj.3.2.40-46
12. Tuyen Dinh Nguyen, Binh Tan Nguyen and Dung Kim Thi Vo (2021), " Research conducted at the Quang Ngai province's Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital on the current state of severe pneumonia in children aged two to sixty months, as well as some associated aspects ", Vietnamese Medical Journal, 501(1), pp. 211-215.
13. Gamal Y., Mahmoud A. O., et al (2023), "Prevalence and impact of malnutrition on results and mortality of under-five years children with pneumonia: a study from Upper Egypt", European Journal of Pediatrics, pp. 1-11, doi: 10.1007/s00431-023-05138-2.