NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN MỨC ĐỘ THIẾU MÁU Ở TRẺ THIẾU MÁU THIẾU SẮT TỪ 6 THÁNG ĐẾN 60 THÁNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI ĐỒNG CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Iron deficiency anemia is a common public health issue, affecting 1.2 billion people worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: To describe clinical and paraclinical characteristics and identify some factors related to the severity of anemia. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study was performed on 65 children from 6 to 60 months of age with iron deficiency anemia at Can Tho Children’s Hospital from 2023 to 2024. Results: The majority of patients were male, accounting for 70.0%, the majority of patients were aged from 24 months to <60 months (56.9%) and resided in rural areas (86.2%). The most common symptom of pale skin was 80.0%, followed by pale mucous membranes and pale palms, accounting for 76.9% and 56.9%, respectively. The average Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, ferritin, and serum iron indexes all decreased. Mean Hb was 75.40 ± 19.48 g/dL, mean serum ferritin and iron were 6.95 ± 2.71 ng/mL and 2.91 ± 1.80 mmol/L, respectively. Mild anemia accounted for the highest rate (52.3%). Malnutrition and poverty were associated with severe anemia, this difference is statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: Common clinical symptoms of iron deficiency anemia in children from 6 months to 60 months are pale skin, pale mucous membranes, and pale palms. The average Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, MCHC, ferritin, and serum iron indexes all decreased. Factors related to severe anemia are malnutrition and poverty.