ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ TÁC NHÂN VI SINH GÂY TIÊU CHẢY CẤP KHÔNG MẤT NƯỚC Ở TRẺ EM TẠI CẦN THƠ

Abstract

Background: Acute diarrhea is one of the leading causes of death in children, especially children under 5 years old. Real-time PCR has the ability to quickly and accurately identify microbiological agents that cause diarrhea. Objective: To describe some clinical and paraclinical characteristics and determine the rate of microbiological agents causing pediatric acute diarrhea with no dehydration at Can Tho Children's Hospital. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of 119 pediatric cases of acute diarrhea with no dehydration. Results: The disease was common in children under 24 months of age (84.9%). Male (56.3%) had the disease more often than female (43.7%). Common clinical symptoms included fever (80.7%), vomiting (69.8%), and anal diaper rash (60.5%). Most cases had white blood cell index and hematocrit within normal limits. Real-time PCR was capable of detecting microbiological agents up to 84.9%. Viruses were identified as the most common cause of diarrhea (68.1%). The leading agent was Rotavirus (47.1%), followed by Escherichia coli (28.6%), Campylobacter coli (10.1%), Adenovirus (9.3%), Salmonella sp (8.4%) and Shigella species (8.4%). Conclusions: Acute diarrhea with no dehydration was common in children under 24 months of age, with fever and vomiting being two common symptoms. Real-time PCR had a high ability to detect microbiological agents that cause pediatric acute diarrhea with no dehydration. Viruses were the most common causes of diarrhea, the leading being Rotavirus. Therefore, antibiotics are not the primary treatment for acute non-dehydrating diarrhea; and Rotavirus prevention for children is still extremely important.