ĐẶC ĐIỂM THỰC VẬT, MÃ VẠCH DNA VÀ PHÂN TÍCH SƠ BỘ THÀNH PHẦN HÓA HỌC CỦA CÂY TRÀM TRÀ-MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA, MYRTACEAE

Abstract

Background: Tea tree is grown in many places like Australia, Europe, North America, Southeast Asia. Leaf extracts have antibacterial effects, treat skin diseases, acne, insect bites, and cough. However, not many researches have been conducted on this species in Vietnam. This paper aims to add further information to identify this species accurately. Objectives: The aim of this modify structure is to investigate the botanical characteristics, DNA barcodes to contribute to correcting identification of Tea tree and preliminary phytochemical screening. Materials and Method: Fresh Tea tree collected in Lam Ha-Lam Dong were analysised, photographed and described in terms of morphological and anatomical characteristics, the leaves’ herbal powder. Analyzed gene trnH-psbA sequence and preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted in accordance with the modified Ciuley method. Results: Tea tree was identified as Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel. Based on morphological characteristics and gene trnH-psbA sequence, the featured morphological characteristics are as follows: Simple leaf, alternate, numerous stamens connate into 5 bundles opposite petals, 3 carpels, hypogynous. Anatomical data are as follows: Pericycle fibres, phloem fibres, internal phloem, calcium oxalate crystals on stems anatomy; xylem-phloem form are 1 bundle, calcium oxalate crystals on leaves anatomy. The leaves’ powder characteristic is fibers and calcium oxalate crystals. The chemical composition of the leaves includes: Essential oils, triterpenoide, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. Conclusion: This study confirms the scientific name of Tea tree in Vietnam as Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden & Betche) Cheel, Myrtaceae, together with the anatomical characteristics of stems, leaves and the chemical composition of the leaves.