ĐẶC ĐIỂM HUYẾT ĐỒ BỆNH HEMOGLOBIN H VÀ ALPHA-THALASSEMIA THỂ NHẸ

Abstract

  Background: Alpha-thalassemia (α-thalassemia) is caused by the reduced or absent production of the alpha globin chains, which is provided clues to the diagnosis by a complete blood count and morphological changes of red blood cells on the peripheral blood smear, so we carried out an investigation of the hematological characteristics of patients with hemoglobin H disease and αthalassemia trait. Objectives: To determine the characteristics of complete blood count and peripheral blood smear in HbH disease and α-thalassemia trait patients. Materials and methods: A crosssectional descriptive study on 67 patients with hemoglobin H disease and α-thalassemia trait. Results: The red blood cell parameters of a-thalassemia trait: RBC was 6.2 ± 0.6 (10¹²/L), HGB was 134.6 ± 13.1 (g/dL), MCV was 71.0 ± 3.4 (fL), MCH was 21.6 ± 0.8 (pg), RDW was 13.2 ± 1.6 (%). Hemoglobin H disease: RBC was 4.1 ± 0.9 (10¹²/L), HGB was 80.9 ± 15.2 (g/dl), MCV was 72.9 ± 8.4 (fL), MCH was 20.2 ± 2.3 (pg), RDW was 25.7 ± 4.5 (%). Most α-thalassemia trait patients had microcytic at 96.7%, hypochromic at 100%, normal-shaped red blood cells at 50.0%, and targeted cells are rare. In hemoglobin H disease, there are significant changes in morphology such as microcytic cells, hypochromic cells, poikilocytosis with percentages of 73.0%, 89.2%, and 89.2% respectively; there are nucleated red blood cells and Howell-Jolly inclusions. Conclusions: α-thalassemia trait patients have decreased MCV and MCH with small, hypochromic red blood cell morphology, while hemoglobin H disease patients have decreased RBC, HGB, MCV, MCH, increased RDW indexes with microcytic, hypochromic, polymorphic, nucleated red blood cells and Howell-Jolly inclusions.