NGHIÊN CỨU ĐẶC ĐIỂM TỔNG PHÂN TÍCH TẾ BÀO MÁU NGOẠI VI VÀ ĐIỆN DI HEMOGLOBIN CÁC THỂ BETA-THALASSEMIA TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HUYẾT HỌC - TRUYỀN MÁU CẦN THƠ NĂM 2021-2022

Abstract

Background: The screening and diagnosis of beta-thalassemia need to be based on clinical features and laboratory results. The Mekong Delta has a high proportion of patients or carriers of betathalassemia gene among thalassemia patients, but there are few studies on the subclinical value of the disease, especially hemoglobin electrophoresis. Objectives: To describe results of complete blood count and hemoglobin electrophoresis of beta-thalassemia disease types. Materials and method: A crosssectional descriptive study was conducted on 45 patients with beta-thalassemia who came for examination and treatment at Can Tho Hematology - Blood Transfusion Hospital from June 2021 to June 2022. Results: In the 45 cases we studied, the average of the parameters on the results of complete blood count were: red blood cell count (RBC) 3,07 ± 0,99x10¹²/L, white blood cell count (WBC) 11,75 ± 7,22x10⁹/L, platelet count (PLT) 355,16 ± 225,22x10⁹/L, hemoglobin level (Hb) 6.51 ± 1.64 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 69.64 ± 9.13 fL, mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 21.88 ± 3.39 pg and red cell distribution width (RDW) 26.22 ± 6.89%. Besides, on hemoglobin electrophoresis results, the average HbA₁ rate was 33.42 ± 37.61%, the average HbA₂ and HbF were 4.71 ± 1.82% and 37.45 ± 26.11%, respectively. HbE was detected in beta-thalassemia/HbE with an average rate of 43.86 ± 9.13%. Conclusion: Beta-thalassemia disease changes the parameters on the results of complete blood count: RBC, WBC, PLT, Hb, MCV, MCH all decrease and the RDW increases; change the rate of hemoglobin components on hemoglobin electrophoresis results, specific for each disease type.