SỰ KHÁC BIỆT YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ VÀ NGUYÊN NHÂN NHỒI MÁU NÃO NGƯỜI TRẺ THEO NHÓM TUỔI

Abstract

Background: The incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults is increasing significantly, with etiologies and risk factors varying across age groups. Recognizing this shift, particularly the burden of metabolic disorders, plays a key role in treatment and prevention. Objectives: To compare traditional cardiovascular risk factors, lipid profiles, and the TOAST classification between two age groups: 18–35 and 36–45 years. Materials and methods:  A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 young patients with acute ischemic stroke (aged 18-45) at Can Tho Central General Hospital (09/2024–02/2026). The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (18–35 years old, n=24) and Group II (36–45 years old, n=76). Results: Males accounted for the majority at 61.00%. Group II had significantly higher rates of a history of hypertension and dyslipidemia compared to Group I (60.53% vs. 33.33%, p=0.020 and 40.79% vs. 12.50%, p=0.011). Admission levels of BMI, total cholesterol, and LDL-C were also significantly higher in Group II (p < 0.050). The TOAST classification differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.001): Group II was predominantly caused by small-vessel occlusion (51.32%) and large-artery atherosclerosis (31.58%); conversely, stroke of undetermined etiology accounted for the highest proportion in Group I (45.83%), followed by small-vessel occlusion (20.83%). Conclusion: The etiologies and risk factors of ischemic stroke in young adults shift markedly with age. The 36-45 age group is heavily influenced by the accumulation of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. In the 18-35 age group, although cryptogenic stroke predominates, the alarming rate of early microvascular damage necessitates a more comprehensive screening and prevention strategy.