ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG VÀ CÁC YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN SỞI CÓ BIẾN CHỨNG Ở TRẺ EM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHI ĐỒNG CẦN THƠ

Abstract

  Background: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects children, particularly those under five years of age. In addition to causing acute illness, measles can lead to serious complications, including pneumonia, diarrhea, otitis media, encephalitis, and prolonged malnutrition. Young children, unvaccinated children, and malnourished children are at increased risk of severe disease and measles-related mortality. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, determine the rate of complications, and analyze factors associated with complicated measles in pediatric patients at Can Tho Children’s Hospital in 2024 – 2025. Materials and methods:  An analytical cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in pediatric patients with measles at Can Tho Children’s Hospital in 2024 – 2025. Results: A total of 103 children with measles were included; 62.1% were under 5 years of age, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.02/1. Unvaccinated children accounted for 78.6%. Clinical manifestations included fever (100%), rash (98.1%), cough (90.3%) and Koplik spots (83.5%). The overall complication rate was 81.6%. The most common complications were pneumonia (61.2%) and diarrhea (43.7%). Children under 5 years of age had a higher risk of complications compared with those aged 5 years or older (OR = 2.75, p = 0.046). Conclusion: Measles commonly occurs in children under 5 years of age, predominantly in those who are unvaccinated. Common clinical manifestations included fever, cough, rash, and Koplik spots. The most common complications were pneumonia and diarrhea. There is an association between age under 5 years and the risk of complications in children with measles.