Cantho Journal of Medicine and Pharmacy

EVALUATING THE ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF SUSPENDED MOXIBUSTION IN THE TREATMENT OF PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA IN FEMALE STUDENTS AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY: A CASE REPORT

Huynh Thao Quyen Ky — 2026-08-20

Background: Dysmenorrhea is a common condition that significantly impacts women's quality of life. Although non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the primary treatment, concerns over side effects have increased interest in non-pharmacological Traditional Vietnamese Medicine therapies like moxibustion. In Vietnam, clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of moxibustion for menstrual pain remains limited. Therefore, this case report aims to document the clinical effectiveness of moxibustion. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 20-year-old female patient presenting with dysmenorrhea. The patient was treated with moxibustion at specific acupoints for 7 consecutive days prior to her menstrual cycle to manage pain and associated symptoms.Results: Clinical indicators showed significant improvement: the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score decreased from 8/10 to 5/10. There were also notable changes in abdominal skin temperature and a reduction in accompanying symptoms.Conclusion: This case suggests that suspended moxibustion may have potential in reducing pain intensity and improving dysmenorrhea-related symptoms. No serious adverse events were observed, although mild local itching should be monitored. Further controlled studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm its efficacy and safety.

PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF CENTRAL VENOUS–ARTERIAL CARBON DIOXIDE PARTIAL PRESSURE DIFFERENCE AND LACTATE CLEARANCE IN SEPTIC SHOCK PATIENTS

Thi Cam Hong Le — 2026-08-20

Background:In septic shock resuscitation, the assessment of tissue perfusion and early prognostication remains challenging. Therefore, determining the prognostic value of the central venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure difference (ΔPCO₂) and lactate clearance may help optimize hemodynamic monitoring and guide therapeutic strategies. Objectives: To determine the prognostic value of ΔPCO₂ and lactate clearance in patients with septic shock. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 47 patients aged ≥ 16 years diagnosed with septic shock according to the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) 2016 criteria. ΔPCO₂ was defined as the difference between central venous PCO₂ and arterial PCO₂ measured simultaneously. Demographic characteristics, source of infection, SOFA score, APACHE II score, norepinephrine dose, mechanical ventilation status, and in-hospital mortality were recorded. ΔPCO₂ and lactate clearance were assessed at diagnosis (T0), after 6 hours (T6), and after 12 hours (T12) of resuscitation. Results: Among the 47 enrolled patients, the in-hospital mortality rate was 55.3%. Patients who died had significantly higher ΔPCO₂ values at all three time points compared with survivors. Similarly, lactate clearance was significantly higher in survivors than in nonsurvivors at both T6 and T12 (p<0.001). ΔPCO₂ at T0 and T6 demonstrated good prognostic performance for in-hospital mortality, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.75–0.97 and 0.74–0.98, respectively). Lactate clearance at T12 showed the best prognostic performance, with an AUC of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.84–1.00). Conclusions: ΔPCO₂ and lactate clearance during the first 12 hours of resuscitation showed good prognostic value for predicting in-hospital mortality in patients with septic shock.

PREDICTIVE VALUE OF THE NORPACS SCORE AND MANAGEMENT OUTCOMES OF NO-REFLOW DURING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION FOR ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Quang Tuan Le — 2026-08-20

Background: The no-reflow phenomenon frequently occurs in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and is associated with increased post-infarction complications and poor clinical outcomes. Early identification of patients at high risk of suboptimal myocardial reperfusion and optimal management of this adverse event are therefore essential. Objectives: To determine the incidence, evaluate the predictive performance of the NORPACS score, and assess management outcomes of noreflow during primary PCI. Materials and methods: This analytical cross-sectional study consecutively enrolled all-comer patients with STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI at Ca Mau General Hospital between June 2025 and February 2026. Results: Mean age was 64.9 years, and 66.7% of the patients were male. The incidence of no-reflow was 13.6% (n = 31). The NORPACS score demonstrated excellent discriminative ability for predicting no-reflow, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.902 (95% CI: 0.834-0.970, p < 0.001), cut off point = 7.5 (Youden index = 0.76). Following management, 77.4% of patients achieved angiographic restoration of coronary flow. Conclusions: The incidence of no-reflow after primary PCI in STEMI patients was 13.6% and was accurately predicted by the NORPACS score (AUC 0.902). However, management outcomes remain suboptimal, highlighting the need for improved preventive and therapeutic strategies.

STUDY ON CLINICAL AND IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS AND THE CLINICAL VALUE OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED TUMOR MARKER CLIP PLACEMENT IN SUPPORTING BREAST CANCER TREATMENT AT CHO RAY HOSPITAL IN 2025–2026

Thi Tuyet Au Do — 2026-08-20

Background: During neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer, the tumor may decrease in size or become no longer clearly visible clinically and on imaging, making it difficult to identify the original lesion site during surgery. Ultrasound-guided localization clip placement helps preserve the lesion landmark, particularly in breast-conserving surgery. Objectives: To describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of breast cancer patients with and without clip placement before neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and to evaluate the feasibility and preoperative localization support of this technique. Materials and methods: This prospective cohort study compared two groups of breast cancer patients indicated for neoadjuvant chemotherapy: the pre-treatment clip placement group and the non-clip group. A total of 66 consecutive patients were enrolled at Cho Ray Hospital during 2025–2026. Study variables included clinical characteristics, imaging findings, clip visibility, surgical method, and margin status. Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and ttest, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The two groups were comparable in age, lesion side, family history, disease stage, and pre-treatment imaging findings. In the clip group, the clip was identified preoperatively on ultrasound in 93.9% of cases and on mammography in 100%; no procedure-related complications were recorded. The rates of breast-conserving surgery and negative surgical margins in the clip group were 42.4% and 90.9%, respectively, higher than those in the nonclip group, although the differences were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided localization clip placement is a safe and feasible technique with high visibility and practical value in maintaining the original tumor landmark after neoadjuvant chemotherapy; surgical outcome comparisons should be interpreted cautiously because statistical significance was not reached.

CLINICAL, PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH EMPIRICAL ANTIBIOTIC TREATMENT FAILURE IN COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

Thi My Linh Truong — 2026-08-20

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia is a common respiratory condition frequently requiring hospitalization and carrying a risk of serious complications. Patients who fail to respond to initial treatment demonstrate longer hospital stays, higher rates of intensive care unit admission, and increased mortality. Objectives: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics, prevalence, and factors associated with non-response to empirical antibiotic therapy among hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 91 hospitalized patients diagnosed with CAP at Ninh Thuan General Hospital from July 2025 to February 2026. Results: The most common presenting symptoms were productive cough (93.4%) and dyspnea (51.6%) Prominent physical findings included crackles (38.5%) and coarse crackles (69.2%). Chest radiography revealed multilobar involvement in 51.6% of patients, single-lobe consolidation in 30.8%, pleural effusion in 12.1%, and cavitary lesions in 3.3%. The prevalence of non-response to empirical antibiotic therapy was 32.96%. Factors associated with non-response included pleural effusion on chest radiography and a history of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The empirical treatment failure rate in this study was 32.96%, with pleural effusion and type 2 diabetes mellitus identified as associated factors.

PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCY AND SELECTED FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE ONSET OF HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCY AMONG PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH HYPERTENSIVE CRISIS

Tuan Anh Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Hypertensive emergency is characterized by a sudden and severe elevation in blood pressure accompanied by acute target-organ damage and is associated with substantial inhospital and post-discharge mortality. The burden of disease is increasing in low-income settings, while determinants of onset remain incompletely elucidated. Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of hypertensive emergency at Thong Nhat – Dong Nai General Hospital from 2025 to 2026; 2. To investigate selected factors associated with the onset of hypertensive emergency at Thong Nhat – Dong Nai General Hospital from 2025 to 2026. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 341 patients diagnosed with hypertensive crisis at the Emergency Department of Thong Nhat – Dong Nai General Hospital from 5/2025 to 2/2026. Results: Hypertensive emergency accounted for 42.5% of cases. The overall female-to-male ratio was 1.3. Male predominance was observed in the hypertensive emergency group compared with the hypertensive urgency group (58.6% vs. 33.2%; p < 0.001). The mean age was lower in the hypertensive emergency group than in the hypertensive urgency group (60.0 ± 14.6 vs. 64.1 ± 14.8; p = 0.012). Dyslipidemia was more prevalent in the hypertensive emergency group (22.8% vs. 7.7%; p < 0.001). Target-organ involvement included cerebral (39.8%), cardiac (36.1%), renal (21.9%), ocular and aortic complications (1.1% each). Nonadherence to antihypertensive therapy, smoking, alcohol consumption, using of NSAIDs/corticoid and psychological stress were associated with increased odds of hypertensive emergency (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Hypertensive emergency accounted for 42.5% of hypertensive crisis cases. The likelihood of hypertensive emergency increased in the presence of treatment non-adherence, smoking, alcohol consumption, using of NSAIDs/corticoid and psychological stress.

JOB SATISFACTION AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AT MEDICAL CENTERS AND COMMUNE HEALTH STATIONS IN TAY NINH PROVINCE IN 2025–2026

Khanh Linh Le — 2026-08-20

Background: Healthcare workers are essential to the effective functioning and sustainability of healthcare organizations. Job satisfaction is a key determinant of organizational performance and the quality of healthcare services. Objectives: To determine the level of job satisfaction and its associated factors among healthcare workers at Regional Health Centers and Commune Health Stations in Tay Ninh Province during 2025–2026. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 396 healthcare workers from selected Regional Health Centers and Commune Health Stations in Tay Ninh Province. A stratified random sampling combined with cluster sampling approach was used. Three of the 24 Regional Health Centers and 11 of the 96 Commune Health Stations were randomly selected, and all eligible healthcare workers at the selected facilities were included in the study. Job satisfaction was assessed using a five-point Likert scale, with scores of 4–5 classified as satisfied and scores of 1–3 classified as not satisfied. Results: Participants aged 30–45 years accounted for 70.5% of the sample, and 73.7% were female. The overall job satisfaction rate was 53.3%. Overall satisfaction with the employing health facility was the highest (88.4%), whereas satisfaction with internal regulations, salary, and benefits was the lowest (65.2%). Educational qualification, salary, and participation in on-call duties were significantly associated with job satisfaction. Conclusions: The proportion of healthcare workers who were not satisfied with their jobs remained relatively high (46.7%). Appropriate remuneration and incentive policies are needed to improve job satisfaction among healthcare workers.

RESEARCH ON PROBLEMS RELATED TO CORTICOID USE IN INPATIENTS AT GIA RAI TOWN MEDICAL CENTER, BAC LIEU PROVINCE IN 2025

Hoang Nhat Trang — 2026-08-20

Background: Corticoids are a group of drugs frequently associated with drug-related problems (DRPs), which affect the efficacy and safety of treatment in hospitalised patients. Therefore, investigating the prevalence of corticosteroid-related DRPs is necessary for treatment optimization. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of corticoid-related problems (DRPs-C) among inpatients at the Department of General Internal Medicine, Gia Rai Town Medical Center, Bac Lieu Province in 2025. Materials and methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 medical records of inpatients prescribed corticoids at the Department of General Internal Medicine, Gia Rai Town Medical Center. Drug-related problems indicators (DRPs) were determined by comparing the prescribed corticoid with the following reference materials: the manufacturer's drug information leaflet; the Ministry of Health's diagnostic and treatment guidelines; and the 2022 Vietnamese National Pharmacopoeia. DRPs were then classified according to Decision 3547/QD-BYT. Results: In 390 medical records. DRPs-C appeared in 23.1% medical records, primarily in the drug selection group 66.4%, dosage 7.3% and inadequate treatment 14.5%. Conclusions: Drug-related problems associated with corticosteroid use in hospitalized patients still commonly occur. Among these, the most frequent issues are inappropriate drug selection and inadequate prevention of gastrointestinal complications in high-risk patients. The results of this study provide a basis for interventions and prospective studies aimed at minimising DRPs-C in clinical practice.

PREVALENCE OF SLEEP DISTURBANCES ASSESSED BY THE PSQI AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG THIRD-TRIMESTER PREGNANT WOMEN AT DONG NAI GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2025–2026

Thi Kim Thanh Tran — 2026-08-20

Background: Sleep plays a critical role in maintaining physical and psychological wellbeing during pregnancy. In the third trimester, physiological and hormonal changes predispose pregnant women to sleep disturbances, which are associated with adverse obstetric outcomes. Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of sleep disturbance assessed by the PSQI among thirdtrimester pregnant women; 2. To evaluate factors associated with sleep disturbance according to the PSQI. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 250 pregnant women with gestational age ≥ 28 weeks at the Department of Obstetrics, Dong Nai General Hospital from 7/2025 to 2/2026. Sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI, which consists of seven components. Results: The prevalence of sleep disturbance (PSQI > 5) was 41.2%, including mild (34.4%) and moderate (6.8%) severity; no severe cases were identified. Sleep disturbance was significantly associated with rural residence (OR = 10.4; 95% CI: 5.6–20.0; p < 0.001), freelance occupation (OR = 8.3; 95% CI: 4.6–15; p < 0.001), monthly income < 15 million VND (OR = 21.4; 95% CI: 10.7–42.7; p < 0.001), prior history of sleep disturbance (OR = 3.5; 95% CI: 1.8–6.6; p < 0.001), not living with family (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 1.4–4.5; p = 0.002), lack of daily physical exercise (OR = 2.6; 95% CI: 1.5–4.4; p < 0.001), pregnancy-related anxiety (OR = 6.6; 95% CI: 3.7–11.7; p < 0.001), husband working away from home (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1–4.1; p = 0.034), and cosleeping with children (OR = 2.1; 95% CI: 1.2–3.7; p = 0.011). Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep disturbance among third-trimester pregnant women was 41.2%. Independent factors associated with sleep disturbance according to the PSQI included rural residence, freelance occupation, monthly income <15 million VND, prior history of sleep disturbance, not living with family, pregnancy-related anxiety, and husband working away from home.

EVALUATING THE RESULT OF PERCUTANEOUS DILATIONAL TRACHEOSTOMY AT XUYEN A VINH LONG GENERAL HOSPITAL

Vu Lam Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: The percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy offers advantages such as a small incision, low rates of bleeding and surgical site infection, minimized tracheal cartilage damage, and a low incidence of subsequent tracheal stenosis. Objectives: To evaluate the outcomes of percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy at Xuyen A Vinh Long General Hospital. Materials and methods: A prospective interventional study was conducted on 32 mechanically ventilated patients indicated for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy at Xuyen A Vinh Long General Hospital in 2025 - 2026. Result: Preoperative and postoperative SpO2 levels remained almost unchanged. The mean operative time was 8.9 ± 3.6 minutes. No intraoperative complications occurred. The rate of early postoperative complications was 6.25%, and there were no late complications. Surgical outcomes were classified as good in 93.75% of cases and fair in 6.25%. Conclusion: Percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy has shown good results and serves as a safe and effective alternative to conventional open tracheostomy, particularly for mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU.

THE EMOTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS ACCORDING TO TRADITIONAL MEDICINE IN ELDERLY PATIENTS AT HUE CITY TRADITIONAL MEDICINE HOSPITAL

Truong Minh Thu Doan — 2026-08-20

Background: While emotional alterations according to Traditional Medicine significantly influence the health and resilience of the elderly, specific studies evaluating these factors in Vietnam remain limited. Objectives: To describe the general characteristics and the emotional characteristics according to Traditional Medicine in the elderly. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 180 elderly patients treated at Hue City Traditional Medicine Hospital from October 2025 to January 2026, using the Multidimensional Emotion Questionnaire (MEQ). Results: The prevalence of the elderly with two comorbid chronic diseases or above was 25.0%. The emotion of joy was observed with a frequency of once per day, accounting for 45.6%; moderate intensity 69.4%; a duration of 11-60 minutes accounted for 67.2%; and a moderate level of regulatory ability accounted for 63.3%. Other emotions predominantly occurred with low frequency and intensity, for a short duration, and were easily regulated. The score of angry was higher in the 60-69 age group; the score of joy was higher in group with private income; sorrow score was higher in group of physical inactivity (p<0.05); the scores of fear were higher in female group (p<0.05), and with 2 or more chronic diseases (p<0.001). Conclusions: There were significant differences in angry, joy, fear, and sorrow scores among age groups, gender, income, physical activity, and comorbid chronic diseases.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SMARTPHONE USE PATTERNS AND SLEEP QUALITY AMONG NURSING AND MIDWIFERY STUDENTS AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

Thi Tu Trinh Danh — 2026-08-20

Background: Excessive smartphone use can negatively affect sleep quality, ultimately compromising students' health and academic performance. Objectives: To assess smartphone, use patterns and examine their relationship with sleep quality among nursing and midwifery students at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 323 students from February to June 2025. Excessive smartphone use and sleep quality were evaluated using two validated scales: the Smartphone Addiction Scale – Short Version (SAS-SV) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were analyzed using Jamovi software (version 2.7.33). Results: Students reported an average duration of smartphone ownership of 7.93 ± 2.81 years, with daily usage averaging 6.81 ± 3.53 hours. Notably, 82.7% of students routinely used smartphones before bed, and 46.7% met the criteria for excessive use. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was high at 53.8%. Statistical analysis revealed that poor sleep quality was significantly associated with years of smartphone use, primary usage purpose, bedtime smartphone habits, and SAS-SV scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: Excessive smartphone use and poor sleep quality are alarmingly prevalent among nursing and midwifery students. Targeted interventions are needed to promote healthier smartphone habits, particularly limiting screen time before sleep, to improve sleep quality and academic performance.

STUDY ON MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AT CHAU DOC GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2025-2026

Thi Kim Ngoc Lu — 2026-08-20

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the third leading cause of mortality in Vietnam. Achieving optimal glycemic control is essential in diabetes management, and medication adherence plays a crucial role in reaching therapeutic goals and preventing long-term complications. Objectives: 1. To determine medication use characteristics; 2. To determine the rate of medication non-adherence and identify associated factors among outpatients with type 2 diabetes at Chau Doc General Hospital during 2025–2026. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 188 insured outpatients with type 2 diabetes from July 2025 to January 2026. Data were collected through medical record review and patient interviews, and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: More than half of the participants were older than 60 years (55.3%) and female (59.0%), resided in rural areas (66.5%), and completed general education (64.9%). A disease duration of ≥10 years was observed in 45.2% of patients. Regarding medication use, 76.6% of patients used ≥5 medications, and 55.9% of prescriptions did not include insulin. The overall medication nonadherence rate was 31.9%. Statistically significant associations were identified between nonadherence and the following factors (p < 0.05): Educational level, occupation, disease duration, treatment duration, insulin use. Conclusions: Medication non-adherence among T2DM outpatients remains high and is multifactorially influenced by both sociodemographic and clinical attributes The findings highlight the need to strengthen counseling, follow-up, and personalized health education to support patients in improving adherence and achieving better long-term treatment outcomes.

RESULTS OF FLEXIBLE ENDOSCOPIC LITHOTRIPSY TREATMENT FOR KIDNEY STONES AT NINH THUAN GENERAL HOSPITAL 2025 – 2026

BS CKI Quoc Phuong Dang — 2026-08-20

Background: Urinary tract stones are the third most common urinary tract disease after urinary tract infections and prostate problems. Previously, the primary method for treating kidney stones was open surgery. Currently, minimally invasive methods, especially flexible endoscope lithotripsy, offer many benefits, avoiding kidney damage and reducing the risk of bleeding. Ninh Thuan General Hospital has implemented this technique since the end of 2022. We conducted a study to determine the suitability and effectiveness of flexible endoscope lithotripsy in treating kidney stones in patients. Objectives: To evaluate the results of kidney stone treatment using flexible endoscopy lithotripsy. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study on 72 patients with kidney stones indicated for flexible endoscopic lithotripsy from May 2024 to October 2025 at Ninh Thuan General Hospital. Results: The average age was 56.13 ± 12.76 years, with male and female ratios of 48.6% and 51.4%, respectively. The average stone size was 12.82 ± 3.78 mm. The degree of hydronephrosis was: no hydronephrosis in 20 patients (27.8%), grade 1 in 44 patients (61.1%), and grade 2 in 8 patients (11.1%). The average surgical time was 45.21 ± 13.6 minutes. The average hospital stay was 12.14 ± 3.87 days, with a minimum of 6 days and a maximum of 32 days. Postoperative complications such as postoperative bleeding, fever, and sepsis occurred in 2.8%, 4.2%, and 1.4%, respectively. 65 patients (90.3%) were stone-free after surgery, and this rate increased to 94.4% after one month. Conclusions: Flexible endoscopic nephrolithotomy is a treatment method with a high success rate, short hospital stay and acceptable complications.

CHARACTERISTICS OF IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES IN CHILDREN WITH MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA AT VINH LONG GENERAL HOSPITAL

Thi Anh Thu Chau — 2026-08-20

Background: Anemia remains a significant global health burden and is categorized as a severe public health concern both worldwide and in Vietnam. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and hemoglobinopathies—including thalassemia and structural hemoglobin variants—are the most prevalent etiologies of microcytic hypochromic anemia. Objectives: To describe the clinical and laboratory features of microcytic hypochromic anemia. To investigate factors associated with iron deficiency anemia and hemoglobinopathies in children aged 1–15 years at Vinh Long General Hospital in 2025. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 55 children aged 1- 15 years diagnosed with microcytic hypochromic anemia who were admitted to Vinh Long General Hospital between June and December 2025. Data collection included demographic information (age and sex), clinical manifestations of microcytic hypochromic anemia, and laboratory parameters, including complete blood count (CBC), serum ferritin, and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Results: Microcytic hypochromic anemia was observed in 58.2% of male children, with 50.9% in the 1- to 2-year age group. The main clinical symptoms were pallor of the skin and mucous membranes, with 81.8% of cases classified as mild anemia. A significant association was observed between iron-deficiency anemia and a daily milk intake of exceeding 600 mL, combined with a lack of deworming in the preceding 6 months. Hemoglobinopathies included beta-thalassemia in 41.8%, HbE in 3.6%, HbE/beta-thalassemia in 7.3%, and HbJ in 1.8%. Statistically significant associated factor (p <0.05): family history of anemia. Conclusion: Microcytic hypochromic anemia commonly presents with skin and mucous membrane pallor; excessive fresh milk intake and lack of deworming contribute to iron deficiency anemia. Beta-thalassemia was the most common hemoglobinopathy on electrophoresis, associated with family history of anemia.

DETERMINING THE RATE OF CRITERIA MET AND NOT MET GOOD PRACTICE STANDARDS FOR DRUG STORAGE AT SOME MILITARY MEDICAL STORAGE FACILITIES

Thi Phuong Thao Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: In the pharmaceutical supply chain, storage plays a crucial role in ensuring that drugs maintain their quality, stability, and efficacy until they reach the end user. Adherence to Good Storage Practices (GSP) is mandatory for all drug manufacturing, trading, and distribution facilities. Objectives: To determine the percentage of criteria met and not met in the Good Storage Practice (GSP) standards at several military medical depots, and survey depot staff's knowledge of GSP. Materials and methods: Records, equipment; Pharmacists who are officers and staff working at military medical depots were surveyed using a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive method. Data was collected using survey questionnaires and pre-prepared question sets. Results: At the time of the survey, Warehouse K1 had the highest percentage of criteria met (81.1%), while Warehouse K2 had the lowest percentage (64.1%). The unmet criteria were concentrated in the areas of infrastructure, equipment, and storage operations. The total number of employees meeting the required knowledge was 74.1%, with Warehouse K1 achieving a rate of 80.5%. Conclusion: The basic warehouses have implemented and carried out the regulations on good drug storage practices relatively fully. Drugs are stored under conditions that ensure quality maintenance in accordance with regulations. However, quality in some criteria is not high enough. A specific plan for improvement is needed. Regular or unscheduled inspections of warehouse operations should be conducted according to the principles of "Good Drug Storage Practices".

THE PREDICTIVE VALUE OF THE APRI INDEX FOR SEVERE DENGUE IN CHILDREN AT CAN THO CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL IN 2025-2026

Cam Nhung Bui — 2026-08-20

Background: Dengue in children may rapidly progress to severe disease and lead to lifethreatening complications. Early identification of biomarkers associated with disease severity remains an important clinical concern. The Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), which combines AST levels and platelet count, may reflect both hepatic injury and thrombocytopenia in Dengue infection. Objective: To evaluate the predictive value of APRI for severe Dengue in pediatric patients. Materials and methods: Diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on 129 children with Dengue admitted to Can Tho Children's Hospital from May 2025 to February 2026. The prognostic performance of APRI was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Among the 129 enrolled patients, 49 had severe Dengue and 80 had non-severe Dengue. The mean age was 11 ± 3.1 years. At the first assessment, the median APRI value was significantly higher in the severe group compared with the non-severe group [9.64 (1.07–200.19) vs. 1.13 (0.25–9.22)]. Similar findings were observed at the second assessment, with APRI values of 15.58 (1.81–190.15) and 2.14 (0.21–23.87), respectively. An APRI cutoff value of 3.19 at the first assessment yielded an AUC of 0.927, with 83.7% sensitivity and 85% specificity for predicting severe Dengue. At the second assessment, a cutoff value of 5.63 showed an AUC of 0.902, sensitivity of 87.8%, and specificity of 76.3%. Conclusion: APRI demonstrated good predictive performance for severe Dengue in children and may serve as a useful tool for early risk stratification in clinical practice.

EVALUATION OF SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF HEMIARTHROPLASTY IN THE TREATMENT OF FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

Truc Giang Mai — 2026-08-20

Background: Femoral neck fractures in elderly patients are common injuries that significantly affect mobility and daily activities. In displaced fractures, hemiarthroplasty is widely used to facilitate early functional recovery. Objectives: To investigate the clinical and radiographic characteristics and to evaluate the treatment outcomes of hemiarthroplasty for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients. Materials and methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted on 30 patients aged 75 years and older who underwent hemiarthroplasty at Tra Vinh General Hospital from April 2025 to February 2026. Results: The mean age of the study population was 82.23 ± 4.88 years, with a predominance of female patients. The main cause of injury was low-energy domestic falls. Most patients were classified as Garden type III and IV fractures. One case of postoperative wound bleeding and one case of hip dislocation were recorded, both of which were successfully managed. After 6 months of follow-up, most patients achieved good functional outcomes according to the Harris Hip Score. Conclusion: Hemiarthroplasty is an appropriate treatment option for femoral neck fractures in elderly patients, contributing to improved mobility and hip joint function.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE CELIAC TRUNK ON MULTI-DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Ngoc Tuong Vy Pham — 2026-08-20

Background: The morphological characteristics and anatomical variations of the celiac trunk hold particularly important clinical significance, providing safe guidance for upper gastrointestinal surgery and endovascular interventions. Objectives: To describe the origin and branching patterns of the celiac trunk using multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 1070 patients who underwent abdominal MDCT scans at Can Tho Central General Hospital from July 2024 to February 2026. Results: The mean age of the study sample was 55.76 ± 15.43 years, with a comparable male-to-female ratio (50.9% male and 49.1% female). The site of origin of the celiac trunk was primarily at the level of the T12 vertebral body (40.2%) and the T12/L1 intervertebral disc (39.0%). Regarding branching characteristics, 87.3% of cases exhibited typical anatomy (Uflacker Type I), while anatomical variations accounted for 12.7%. These included Types II, III, IV, V, VI, and VIII, along with several rare variants not included in this classification system (12 cases, 1.1%). Among the variations, Types II (4.9%) and V (4.4%) were the most prevalent. Conclusion: In a study of 1070 patients, the celiac trunk exhibited diverse anatomy with a 12.7% variation rate, predominantly originating at the T12 vertebral and T12/L1 intervertebral levels (79.2%); Types II and V were the most common variants, and rare forms outside the Uflacker classification were recorded in 1.1% of cases.

CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ELDERLY BREAST CANCER PATIENTS RECEIVING NEOADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY WITH THE AC-T REGIMEN

Ut Manh Danh — 2026-08-20

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, with the risk of developing the disease tending to increase with age. In elderly patients, the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be carefully considered based on the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of the disease. Objectives: To investigate the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of elderly patients with breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the AC-T regimen. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 14 breast cancer patients aged 60 years and older who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the AC-T regimen at Can Tho Oncology Hospital and Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from May 2025 to March 2026. Results: The mean age of the study population was 66.79 ± 5.07 years. The majority of patients had an ECOG performance status of 2, accounting for 71.4%. Tumors were most commonly located in the upper outer quadrant of the breast (78.6%). The mean tumor size was 5.35 ± 2.12 cm, and the mean pre-treatment CA15-3 level was 54.92 ± 53.10 U/mL. Most patients were diagnosed at stage III (92.9%), with cT4 accounting for the highest proportion (85.7%). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant histological type (92.9%), and grade II was the most common histological grade (92.9%). Conclusions: Elderly breast cancer patients are often diagnosed at a locally advanced stage with relatively large tumor size and heterogeneous biological characteristics. Comprehensive evaluation of clinical and paraclinical features is important for guiding appropriate treatment strategies.

SURVEY ON DISEASE PATTERNS OF INPATIENTS AT LE VAN THINH HOSPITAL FROM 2021 TO 2025

Van Thuy Doan — 2026-08-20

Background: Identifying disease patterns is essential for hospitals to develop comprehensive healthcare plans for the population, invest in disease prevention and control in a focused and in-depth manner, and contribute to improving public health. Objectives: To describe the current disease patterns of inpatients at Le Van Thinh Hospital from 2021 to 2025. Materials and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted. The study subjects were all inpatient medical records at Le Van Thinh Hospital from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2025, with primary disease diagnoses using ICD-10 codes. Results: The study examined 358,513 inpatient records. The gastrointestinal disease group had the highest percentage, accounting for 17.1%, followed by trauma and poisoning diseases (13.5%), circulatory system diseases (11.5%), and respiratory system diseases (11.5%). The disease patterns at Le Van Thinh Hospital are characterized by 15.2% infectious diseases, maternal problems and malnutrition, 71.0% of noncommunicable diseases, and 13.8% of accidental injuries and poisoning. Conclusion: The disease pattern at Le Van Thinh Hospital is primarily characterized by non-communicable diseases, most commonly gastrointestinal, circulatory, and respiratory diseases. This disease pattern is consistent with developing countries facing a double overall disease burden.

EVALUATION OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF HAND WOUNDS WITH FLEXOR TENDON INJURIES AT CAN THO CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL

Thanh Tuan Lam — 2026-08-20

Background: Flexor tendon injuries in hand wounds are common. The flexor tendons in the hand are anatomically divided into 5 zones, each requiring different surgical approaches for tendon repair. Optimal management of flexor tendon injuries in the hand remains a challenge in hand surgery, aiming to enhance treatment efficacy, our research team conducted this study to evaluate the outcomes of managing hand wounds associated with flexor tendon injuries. Objectives: To investigate the characteristics and evaluate the treatment outcomes of hand wounds with flexor tendon injuries. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 34 patients with flexor tendon injuries in hand wounds who underwent tendon repair at Can Tho Central General Hospital from May 2025 to March 2026. Results: The study on 34 patients (comprising 51 fingers), showed that 70.6% of patients had combined injuries of the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) and Flexor Digitorum Profundus (FDP). Zone II had the highest frequency of injury (accounting for 52.9%). The rate of primary wound healing was 97.1% and tendon re-rupture rate was 2.9%. Assessment according to Strickland criteria after 3 months revealed: 23.5% excellent, 52.9% good, 17.7% fair, and 5.9% poor outcomes. Conclusions: Early tendon repair in hand wounds with flexor tendon injuries is considered safe, facilitates early active mobilization and yields relatively favorable outcomes.

PREVALENCE OF COLORECTAL CANCER SCREENING AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PEOPLE AGED 45–75 YEARS IN CAN THO CITY, 2025–2026

Dong Khoi Trinh — 2026-08-20

Background: Colorectal cancer screening plays an important role in early detection and prevention, but participation in community-based screening remains limited. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of colorectal cancer screening among people aged 45-75 years and to identify associated factors in Can Tho City in 2025-2026. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 980 individuals aged 45-75 years living in Can Tho City during 2025-2026. Results: The prevalence of colorectal cancer screening was 3.6%. Participants with knowledge of screening methods, screening, and cancer prevention were more likely to undergo colorectal cancer screening, with OR = 13.15 (95% CI: 6.19-27.93), OR = 16.81 (95% CI: 6.8941.04), and OR = 8.10 (95% CI: 3.63-18.04), respectively (p < 0.001). Personal and family histories of polyps were also significantly associated with colorectal cancer screening, with OR = 33.50 (95% CI: 11.01-101.96) and OR = 17.29 (95% CI: 4.81-62.16), respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The prevalence of colorectal cancer screening among people aged 45-75 years in Can Tho City was low. Strengthening health communication and education to improve knowledge of colorectal cancer screening and prevention is necessary, together with attention to high-risk groups to enhance community-based screening effectiveness.

DIFFERENTIATION OF RISK FACTORS AND ETIOLOGY OF ISCHEMIC STROKE IN YOUNG ADULTS BY AGE GROUPS

Huu Phuc Ngo — 2026-08-20

Background: The incidence of ischemic stroke in young adults is increasing significantly, with etiologies and risk factors varying across age groups. Recognizing this shift, particularly the burden of metabolic disorders, plays a key role in treatment and prevention. Objectives: To compare traditional cardiovascular risk factors, lipid profiles, and the TOAST classification between two age groups: 18–35 and 36–45 years. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 100 young patients with acute ischemic stroke (aged 18-45) at Can Tho Central General Hospital (09/2024–02/2026). The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (18–35 years old, n=24) and Group II (36–45 years old, n=76). Results: Males accounted for the majority at 61.00%. Group II had significantly higher rates of a history of hypertension and dyslipidemia compared to Group I (60.53% vs. 33.33%, p=0.020 and 40.79% vs. 12.50%, p=0.011). Admission levels of BMI, total cholesterol, and LDL-C were also significantly higher in Group II (p < 0.050). The TOAST classification differed significantly between the two groups (p < 0.001): Group II was predominantly caused by small-vessel occlusion (51.32%) and large-artery atherosclerosis (31.58%); conversely, stroke of undetermined etiology accounted for the highest proportion in Group I (45.83%), followed by small-vessel occlusion (20.83%). Conclusion: The etiologies and risk factors of ischemic stroke in young adults shift markedly with age. The 36-45 age group is heavily influenced by the accumulation of metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis. In the 18-35 age group, although cryptogenic stroke predominates, the alarming rate of early microvascular damage necessitates a more comprehensive screening and prevention strategy.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MOLECULAR SUBTYPES OF BREAST CANCER IN WOMEN YOUNGER THAN 40 YEARS AT CAN THO ONCOLOGY HOSPITAL

Duc Thinh Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. Young patients tend to have a higher risk of recurrence, poor prognosis, and a less favorable response to treatment compared to patients older than 40 years. Objectives: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and investigate factors associated with molecular subtypes of breast cancer in women under 40 years old. Materials and methods: A descriptive case-series study was conducted on 68 patients younger than 40 years who were diagnosed with breast cancer and treated at Can Tho Oncology Hospital between June 2024 and January 2026. Results: The mean age of the study population was 33.8 ± 4.2 years. Most patients were diagnosed at stage II (50%). Luminal tumors accounted for the majority of cases (63.3%), luminal B HER2-negative was the most common subtype (29.4%). Patients with T3–T4 tumors had 6.28-fold higher odds of having a non-luminal subtype than those with T0–T2 tumors (OR = 6.28, 95% CI: 1.48–26.57; p = 0.014). Similarly, patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had 5.69-fold higher odds of having a non-luminal subtype than those who underwent upfront surgery (OR = 5.69, 95% CI: 1.77–18.27; p = 0.002). Conclusions: Breast cancer in young women demonstrates biological heterogeneity. Although luminal subtypes predominate, nonluminal tumors tend to present with more advanced tumor stages and require more aggressive treatment strategies.

EVALUATION OF ENDOVASCULAR INTERVENTION OUTCOMES IN THE TREATMENT OF WIDE-NECK INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS IN RELATION TO CYP2C19 GENOTYPE AND VASCULAR TORTUOSITY

Xuan Toan Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Endovascular intervention using flow diverter stents is an advanced therapeutic approach for wide-neck intracranial aneurysms. Treatment efficacy and safety are significantly influenced by clopidogrel resistance (linked to CYP2C19 polymorphism) and vascular tortuosity. Objectives: To evaluate short-term outcomes of flow diverter stenting and investigate the relationship between technical outcomes, vascular tortuosity, and CYP2C19 polymorphism. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on 34 patients (36 aneurysms) undergoing endovascular treatment at Stroke International Services Can Tho Hospital from May 2025 to April 2026. Results: The mean age was 53.82 ± 13.49 years, with a female predominance (70.6%). The prevalence of patients carrying CYP2C19 polymorphisms was 47.1%. Anatomically, aneurysms were predominantly located in the internal carotid artery (91.2%). Complex vascular tortuosity (Type III/IV) accounted for 24.3%. Technical success reached 100%. The patients with Type IV tortuosity required balloon angioplasty assistance in 100% of cases (p=0.019). At the 90-day follow-up, 100% of patients were headache-free (p < 0.001) and achieved a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0. The overall complication rate was 8.8%, with no significant difference observed between genotype groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms using flow diverter stents is safe and highly effective. Assessment of vascular tortuosity and CYP2C19 genotype is essential for predicting procedural difficulty and optimizing personalized antiplatelet therapy.

PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND THE CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM OSTEOCALCIN CONCENTRATION AND BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN ELDERLY PATIENTS

Do Thanh Thao Tran — 2026-08-20

Background: In Vietnam, studies on the correlation between bone mineral density and serum Osteocalcin levels, a marker for assessing bone quality, particularly among elderly patients, remain limited. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis and several related factors, and to evaluate the correlation between bone mineral density and Osteocalcin levels in elderly patients. Materials and methods: This study was conducted on 200 patients aged over 60 years at the Outpatient Department of Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from March 2024 to December 2025. Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 45.0%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified corticosteroid use, female sex, body mass index (BMI), and age at menopause as independent factors associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Patients with osteoporosis had significantly higher serum osteocalcin levels than those without osteoporosis (p < 0.001). Serum osteocalcin levels were negatively correlated with bone mineral density at the femoral neck and lumbar spine, with moderate correlation coefficients (r = −0.563 and r = −0.625). Conclusion: Corticosteroid use, female sex, body mass index (BMI), and age at menopause were independently associated with the risk of osteoporosis. Serum osteocalcin levels showed a moderate negative correlation with bone mineral density at the femoral neck and lumbar spine, with correlation coefficients of r = −0.563 and r = −0.625, respectively.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF LARYNGEAL PRESERVATION IN PATIENTS WITH STAGE I–II LARYNGEAL CANCER

Thi Lan Chi Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Laryngeal cancer is the most common malignancy in the field of Otorhinolaryngology. In addition to its role in oncologic control, partial laryngectomy enables partial restoration of anatomical structures and preservation of laryngeal function, thereby improving patients’ quality of life. Objectives: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and to evaluate the treatment outcomes of laryngeal preservation surgery in patients with stage I–II laryngeal cancer. Materials and methods: A descriptive case series was conducted on 41 patients diagnosed with stage I–II laryngeal cancer who were indicated for partial laryngectomy at Can Tho Oncology Hospital. Results: Patients had a mean age of 61.8 ± 7.26 years, with most cases occurring in the 50– 70-year age group and a male predominance. A history of smoking and alcohol consumption was reported in 75.6% of patients. Hoarseness was present in 100% of cases. T1 tumors accounted for 82.9%, and all patients were classified as N0. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 8.63 ± 2.38 days. No intraoperative complications were recorded. Postoperative surgical site infection occurred in 2.4% of cases. Negative surgical margins were achieved in 97.6% of patients. The 6-month recurrence rate was 9.8%. No mortality was observed in the study cohort at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusion: Partial laryngectomy provides effective local tumor control with acceptable safety, while preserving both the anatomical integrity and functional outcomes of the larynx.

OUTCOMES OF ACL RECONSTRUCTION USING QUADRICEPS TENDON AUTOGRAFT

Minh Chien Tran — 2026-08-20

Background: Current literature supports the use of the quadriceps tendon (QT) as a strong autograft with favorable clinical outcomes in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. Objective: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of anterior cruciate ligament rupture managed with quadriceps tendon autograft. Materials and methods: A prospective descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 35 patients who underwent arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using quadriceps tendon autograft at Can Tho Central General Hospital from May 2025 to February 2026. Results: The mean Lysholm score was 86.32 points (30–95), with 85.71% of patients achieving excellent or good results, 14.29% fair, and 0% % poor outcomes. According to the IKDC grading system, 5 patients were classified as 17 grade A, 13 as grade B, 3 as grade C, and 2 as grade D. At 6 months postoperatively, 94,84% of patients regained quadriceps muscle strength comparable to the contralateral limb. Conclusion: The quadriceps tendon is a safe and effective graft option for arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

PREVALENCE OF TYPE 2 DIABETIC RETINOPATHY AND OUTCOMES OF FENOFIBRATE TREATMENT IN NON-PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY

Phat Tai Dang — 2026-08-20

Background: Ocular microvascular complications, particularly Diabetic Retinopathy, progress insidiously and are showing an increasing trend in prevalence. The disease can lead to vision loss; therefore, early diagnosis and timely treatment to prevent complications play a crucial role. Objectives: 1. To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus; 2. To identify factors associated with type 2 diabetic retinopathy; 3. To evaluate the treatment outcomes of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy using fenofibrate. Materials and methods: A randomized study was conducted on 212 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the Department of Endocrinology, Can Tho General Hospital from September 2024 to February 2026. Results: The mean age was 62.45 ± 11.87 years; males accounted for 41.5% and females for 58.5%. The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy was 43.9%. History of hypertension, duration of diabetes, smoking, and HbA1c levels were significant risk factors for diabetic retinopathy, with odds ratios (OR) of 2.14 (95% CI: 1.23–3.73), 3.1 (95% CI: 1.8– 5.6), 2.17 (95% CI: 1.17–4.03), and 3.9 (95% CI: 1.7–8.9), respectively; there was no significant difference between the fenofibrate group and the control group (p >0,05). Conclusion: Screening is essential for the early detection of diabetic retinopathy, particularly in patients with a history of hypertension, long-standing diabetes, smoking habits, or poor glycemic control.

EVALUATION OF THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF GANODERMA–SALVIA EXTRACT IN WHITE MICE

Thi Thanh Huyen Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) and Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen) are two traditional medicinal herbs commonly used in Traditional Medicine for tonifying qi and blood, as well as promoting blood circulation and resolving blood stasis. Pharmacological studies have demonstrated that polysaccharides and triterpenoids from Ganoderma lucidum, along with salvianolic acid B and tanshinones from Salvia miltiorrhiza, exhibit immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities. However, scientific data regarding the safety of combined formulations of these two herbs remain limited, particularly in preclinical toxicity evaluation. Objectives: To assess the acute oral toxicity and preliminarily establish the preclinical safety profile of a combined extract of Ganoderma lucidum and Salvia miltiorrhiza in mice. Materials and methods: This was a preclinical experimental study. The formulation was qualitycontrolled according to the Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia V. The liquid extract was prepared from Ganoderma lucidum and Salvia miltiorrhiza at a 1:1 ratio (based on dry raw material weight), extracted twice with water and concentrated to achieve a final concentration equivalent to 2 g of dried medicinal material per mL. The highest tested dose was 14.1 g/kg body weight, corresponding to three times the human-equivalent dose converted according to the Vietnamese Ministry of Health guideline. The study was conducted in accordance with the Ministry of Health guidelines and with reference to OECD principles. Animals were monitored for mortality and clinical signs over a 14day period (with the first 72 hours considered critical). Body weight was recorded at 0, 24, and 72 hours. On day 14, hematological parameters, biochemical indices (AST, ALT, urea, creatinine), and histopathological examinations of the liver and kidneys were evaluated. Results: No mortality was observed at any tested dose during the 14-day observation period. No adverse clinical, hematological or biochemical effects were observed. Gross and microscopic structures of the liver and kidneys were preserved. Conclusion:The oral LD₅₀ could not be determined under the present experimental conditions and was considered to be greater than 14.1 g/kg body weight.

DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF DIAGNODENT LASER FLUORESCENCE IN THE DETECTION OF EARLY DENTAL CARIES AMONG PATIENTS ATTENDING HO CHI MINH CITY ODONTO-STOMATOLOGY HOSPITAL IN 2025-2026

Thi Cam Nhung Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Dental caries is a highly prevalent condition in clinical dental practice, particularly affecting molars, where lesions often progress insidiously and are difficult to detect at an early stage. Current diagnostic approaches mainly rely on clinical examination and radiography; however, these methods have limitations in identifying non-cavitated enamel demineralization. The Diagnodent laser fluorescence device enables early caries detection through quantitative fluorescence measurements, providing objective assessment and facilitating monitoring of lesion progression. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Diagnodent laser fluorescence device in detecting early caries lesions on molars at Ho Chi Minh City OdontoStomatology Hospital in 2025–2026. Materials and methods: A diagnostic accuracy study was conducted on 1,850 molars from patients aged 18–45 years presenting without clinically visible cavitation. Lesions were assessed using Diagnodent and compared against the reference standard. Results: For occlusal surfaces, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.882 (95% CI: 0.862– 0.903), with an optimal cutoff value of 9.50 yielding a sensitivity of 82.5% and specificity of 86.6%. For buccal surfaces, the AUC was 0.826 (95% CI: 0.769–0.883), with a cutoff value of 6.50, sensitivity of 67%, and specificity of 95.7%. Lingual surfaces demonstrated the highest diagnostic performance, with an AUC of 0.913 (95% CI: 0.862–0.963), a cutoff value of 9.50, sensitivity of 85.9%, and specificity of 96.2%. Conclusion: The Diagnodent laser fluorescence device demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy in detecting early caries lesions in adult molars, particularly on lingual and occlusal surfaces. The device provides good sensitivity and specificity, supporting its clinical utility in early diagnosis and longitudinal monitoring of caries progression.

STUDY ON TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF URETEROSCOPIC HOLMIUM:YAG LASER LITHOTRIPSY FOR URETERAL STONES AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL IN 2024-2026

Trong Nghia Le — 2026-08-20

Background: Ureteral stones are common in urological practice and may cause colic pain, urinary tract obstruction, and impaired renal function if not treated promptly. Ureteroscopic Holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy is a minimally invasive treatment method that has been widely applied. However, data evaluating treatment outcomes in the Mekong Delta region have not yet been fully updated. Objective: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy for ureteral stones at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital during 2024–2026. Materials and methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted on 65 patients diagnosed with ureteral stones and treated with ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy from June 2024 to June 2026 at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Clinical and paraclinical characteristics, technical outcomes, postoperative complications, and stone-free status at follow-up were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean age was 50.49 ± 11.97 years. Colic pain was the most common symptom, accounting for 86.2% of cases. Stones located in the upper, middle, and lower third of the ureter accounted for 55.4%, 4.6%, and 40.0%, respectively. The initial technical success rate was 93.8%. The rate of stone-free status or residual fragments ≤4 mm after follow-up was 72.3%. Clavien–Dindo grade I–II complications accounted for 18.5%; no severe complications or mortality were recorded. Conclusion: Ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy is an effective and safe treatment for ureteral stones. Stone location and Hounsfield density may affect treatment outcomes.

EVALUATION OF THE TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF VPHONSTAR CAPSULES COMBINED WITH ELECTROACUPUNCTURE, INFRARED THERAPY, AND LUMBAR TRACTION IN PATIENTS WITH LUMBAR SPONDYLOSIS

Phi Long Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Lumbar spondylosis is a significant cause of disability worldwide. Although not an acute condition, it substantially affects mobility and daily activities. Increasing scientific evidence suggests that Traditional Medicine and Rehabilitation therapies provide effective management for lumbar spondylosis. Objectives: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of Vphonstar capsules combined with electroacupuncture, infrared therapy, and lumbar traction in these patients. Materials and methods: This uncontrolled interventional clinical study included 84 inpatients diagnosed with lumbar spondylosis at Lai Vung Regional Medical Center, Dong Thap province. Clinical and paraclinical characteristics were recorded. Treatment outcomes were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Schober test, lumbar range of motion measurements, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before and after 14 days of treatment. Results: A study of 84 patients with lumbar spondylosis showed that patients aged ≥60 years accounted for 54.77%, males accounted for 63.1%, and most patients had a normal body mass index (BMI) (52.38%). After 14 days of treatment, the mean VAS score decreased from 6.14 ± 0.35 to 1.94 ± 1.31, while the mean ODI score decreased from 27.88 ± 5.42 to 11.36 ± 3.89. The Schober index and lumbar spine range of motion improved significantly (p < 0.01). Following treatment, 86.9% and 11.91% of patients achieved good and fair treatment outcomes, respectively, with no patients classified as having poor outcomes and only 1.19% classified as having moderate outcomes. Conclusions: Treatment with Vphonstar capsules combined with electroacupuncture, infrared therapy, and lumbar traction effectively reduced pain, relieved muscle spasm, and improved lumbar range.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ROSACEA AT CAN THO HOSPITAL OF DERMATO-VENEREOLOGY IN 2025

Gia Hung Tran — 2026-08-20

Background: Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of the face with diverse manifestations, significantly affecting appearance and quality of life, it can be triggered or exacerbated by various factors, while its pathogenesis remains unclear and no specific treatment is currently available. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and associated factors of rosacea at Can Tho Hospital of Dermato-Venereology in 2025. Materials and methods: A crosssectional case series study of patients diagnosed with rosacea between May 2025 and October 2025. Results: This study included 30 patients, ranging in age from 23 to 62 years, with a mean age of 32.03, and a female predominance (60%). The most common clinical subtype was erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (50%), followed by papulopustular (40%) and phymatous (10%), with no ocular cases observed. Lesions were mainly located on the cheeks (86.7%), accompanied by persistent erythema (73.3%) and a burning sensation (56.7%). The mean disease duration was 21 months. Common aggravating factors included hot and humid environments, sun exposure, and topical cosmetics. Conclusions: Rosacea is more common in adult women, predominantly presenting as the erythematotelangiectatic subtype with cheek involvement, characterized by a chronic course and may be influenced by triggering factors such as hot and humid environments, sun exposure, and topical cosmetics.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE RF-CL MODEL AND CORONARY ARTERY LESIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Kim Tien Phan — 2026-08-20

Background: According to the 2024 European Society of Cardiology guidelines, the Risk Factor-weighted Clinical Likelihood (RF-CL) model facilitates the personalized diagnosis of coronary artery disease by integrating classic cardiovascular risk factors. However, in Vietnam, data correlating this model with actual anatomical coronary lesions on imaging remain limited. Therefore, it is imperative to investigate this correlation to optimize the indications for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), thereby contributing to the improvement of clinical diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and evaluate the association between the RF-CL model and coronary artery lesions on CCTA in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Materials and methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 106 patients presenting with chest pain, dyspnea, or shortness of breath on exertion at Can Tho Stroke and Cardiovascular Hospital from August 2025 to December 2025. Results: The gender distribution was relatively balanced between males (49%) and females (51%), with a mean age of 65.6 ± 11.6 years. Chest pain was the most common symptom, accounting for 76.42%. The RF-CL value (%) was significantly higher in the coronary artery stenosis group compared to the nonstenosis group (p<0.05). The analysis of the RF-CL model components showed that dyslipidemia, age (≥60 years), hypertension, and male sex were factors significantly associated with coronary artery stenosis (p<0.05). Conclusion: The RF-CL model is associated with the likelihood of coronary artery stenosis on CCTA in patients with suspected coronary artery disease.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ZINC DEFICIENCY AMONG CHILDREN WITH ACUTE DIARRHEA AT KIEN GIANG OBSTETRICS AND PEDIATRICS HOSPITAL

Nat Thach — 2026-08-20

Background: Zinc deficiency is common among children with acute diarrhea and may prolong disease duration and increase severity. However, data from Kien Giang province remain limited. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency, describe clinical and laboratory characteristics, and analyze factors associated with zinc deficiency in children aged 02 months to 05 years treated at Kien Giang Hospital of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Pediatrics. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical components was conducted on 223 children aged 02 months to 05 years diagnosed with acute diarrhea and admitted to the Pediatric Department from May 2025 to January 2026. Clinical and laboratory data were collected, and serum zinc levels were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. Chi-square test and multivariable logistic regression were applied with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 71.7%. Common clinical manifestations included diarrhea, watery stool, fever, and abdominal distension, while dehydration was observed at a low rate. Regarding laboratory findings, elevated CRP accounted for 49.3% and anemia for 30.0%. In multivariable analysis, lack of exclusive breastfeeding (adjusted odds ratio = 4.485; 95% confidence interval: 2.248–8.949; p < 0.001) and elevated C-reactive protein levels (adjusted odds ratio = 2.065; 95% confidence interval: 1.085–3.928; p = 0.027) were independently associated with zinc deficiency. Conclusion: Zinc deficiency among children with acute diarrhea was highly prevalent and was independently associated with lack of exclusive breastfeeding and inflammatory response. Early detection and zinc supplementation should be emphasized in clinical management.

ENDOSCOPIC AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF LARGE COLORECTAL POLYPS AND EARLY COLORECTAL CANCER USING ENDOSCOPIC SUBMUCOSAL DISSECTION IN CAN THO CITY, 2024–2026

Xuan Huy Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Large colorectal polyps have a high risk of harboring advanced neoplasia and early colorectal cancer. Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) allows en bloc resection of lesions and accurate histopathological assessment. The JNET classification supports the prediction of histopathological characteristics before intervention; however, its clinical applicability in Vietnam has not been fully evaluated. Objectives: To describe the endoscopic characteristics, histopathological findings, and treatment outcomes of ESD, and to evaluate the predictive value of the JNET classification for histopathological diagnosis in large colorectal polyps. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 42 large colorectal polyps treated with ESD. Results: The mean age was 60.7 ± 13.7 years, and males accounted for 52.4%. The most common lesion location was the rectum (28.6%), followed by the hepatic flexure (19.0%) and sigmoid colon (16.7%). Laterally spreading tumors (LSTs) accounted for 52.4% of lesions. According to the JNET classification, JNET 2A and JNET 2B accounted for 61.9% and 38.1%, respectively. Histopathological examination revealed tubular adenoma in 50.0%, tubulovillous adenoma in 26.2%, villous adenoma in 4.8%, and carcinoma in 19.0%. JNET 2B predicted precancerous lesions and early colorectal cancer with a sensitivity of 80.0%, specificity of 85.2%, positive predictive value of 75.0%, negative predictive value of 88.5%, and accuracy of 83.3%. The mean procedure time was 72.98 ± 38.15 minutes. The en bloc resection rate was 97.6%. Intra-procedural bleeding occurred in 9.5% of cases, with no intra-procedural perforation. Post-procedural perforation occurred in one case (2.4%) and was successfully managed by laparoscopic surgery. Conclusion: ESD is an effective and safe treatment for large colorectal polyps, with a high en bloc resection rate and an acceptable complication rate. The JNET classification is useful in supporting the prediction of precancerous lesions and early colorectal cancer before intervention; however, post-ESD histopathological examination remains the gold standard for definitive diagnosis.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE THORACIC AORTA AND ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE AORTIC ARCH ON MULTI-DETECTOR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Ho Hoang Quy Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Anatomical variants of the aortic arch are relatively common in clinical practice and have important implications for diagnostic evaluation, surgical planning, and endovascular interventions. Accurate identification of these variants helps prevent diagnostic errors and reduces the risk of procedural complications. Objectives: To describe the origin, branching pattern, and anatomical variants of the aortic arch region on contrast-enhanced chest computed tomography. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 700 patients treated at Can Tho Central General Hospital from July 2024 to January 2026. Results:The mean age was 63.83 ± 14.75, with52.4% male participants. The normal three-vessel aortic arch configuration accounted for 82,1% of cases. The bovine arch variant, which has two subtypes, was the most common variant, representing approximately 11.2%. Variants in which the left vertebral artery originated directly from the aortic arch and aberrant origin of the right subclavian artery were observed in 4.6% and 0.7% of cases, respectively. Additionally, several rare variants were identified, including bronchial artery originating from the aortic arch, right-sided aortic arch, and combinations of multiple variants, each accounting for less than 1%. No statistically significant differences were found among the variants with respect to age or sex (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Anatomical variants of the aortic arch are encountered with a considerable frequency on CTA. Comprehensive recognition of these variants plays and important role in diagnostic imaging practice and supports safe interventional planning.

CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS AND RESPONSE TO ORAL IRON SUPPLEMENTATION IN CHILDREN WITH IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA AND PNEUMONIA AT CAN THO CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL 2025–2026

Pham Quyen Chi Le — 2026-08-20

Background: Pneumonia is a common disease and a leading cause of mortality among children worldwide. Iron deficiency anemia is a global nutritional problem that significantly affects children’s health and is associated with pneumonia. However, diagnosing iron deficiency anemia in children with pneumonia remains challenging because of the non-specific clinical manifestations and because laboratory indicators of iron status may be influenced by inflammatory or infectious processes. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics, laboratory findings, and the initial response to oral iron supplementation therapy in children with iron deficiency anemia and pneumonia at Can Tho Children’s Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study combined with an uncontrolled before-and-after intervention follow-up design on 76 children from 6 months to 14 years old diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia and pneumonia who were hospitalized at Can Tho Children’s Hospital. Results: Most cases occurred in children under 5 years of age (94.7%), and the majority were male (61.8%). Common clinical manifestations included pale mucosa (92.1%), pallor (85.5%), pale palms (82.4%), and poor appetite (75%). Mean hemoglobin level was 8.17 ± 1.60 g/dL, median ferritin level was 9.55 ng/mL, and mean transferrin was 359.51 ± 46.30 mg/dL. After 7–14 days of oral iron supplementation, hemoglobin increased by 1.18 g/dL, and hematocrit, MCV, and MCH improved significantly (p<0.001). Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia in children with pneumonia was common in those under five years old, particularly in males, and presents with characteristic clinical and paraclinical features. Oral iron supplementation showed initial effectiveness in improving hematological parameters.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FEATURES IN PATIENTS WITH MANDIBULAR MOLAR LOSS INDICATED FOR DENTAL IMPLANT PLACEMENT COMBINED WITH SOFT TISSUE AUGMENTATION USING TENT-POLE AND XENOGRAFT TECHNIQUES

Van Tung Dang — 2026-08-20

Background: Mandibular molar loss is often accompanied by hard- and soft-tissue resorption, which may adversely affect the long-term outcomes of dental implant treatment. Increasing peri-implant soft-tissue volume may contribute to the long-term stability of implant therapy. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and cone-beam computed tomography findings in patients with mandibular molar loss who were indicated for dental implant placement combined with soft-tissue augmentation using the tent-pole technique or xenogeneic soft-tissue grafting at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 30 patients with 40 mandibular molar edentulous sites indicated for dental implant placement combined with soft-tissue augmentation using either the tent-pole technique or xenogeneic grafting at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from March 2024 to March 2026. Results: In the study sample, patients aged 18–39 years accounted for 86.7%. The main cause of tooth loss was dental caries and complications of pulpal disease, accounting for 87.5%. Most missing teeth were mandibular first molars, including tooth 36 in 37.5% and tooth 46 in 40.0% of the sites. The mean soft-tissue height ranged from 2.04 to 2.90 mm. On cone-beam computed tomography, the mean bone height was greater than 14.37 mm, and the mean buccolingual ridge width was greater than 6.86 mm. Bone density was predominantly classified as D3 (52.5%) and D2 (22.5%). Conclusion: In the study sample, mandibular first molar loss was more common than mandibular second molar loss, with dental caries and pulpal disease being the main causes. D2 and D3 bone densities were common, and the bone dimensions and soft-tissue height were suitable for dental implant placement combined with either the tent-pole technique or xenogeneic soft-tissue grafting.

CHARACTERISTICS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN AGED 2 MONTHS TO 5 YEARS AT BAC LIEU GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2025–2026

Minh Doan Cao — 2026-08-20

Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality among children under 5 years of age. Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that may cause severe disease, particularly in the context of the increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and PantonValentine leukocidin production. Objectives: To determine the detection rate and describe the clinical, laboratory, microbiological characteristics, and treatment outcomes among children with Staphylococcus aureus-associated pneumonia at Bac Lieu General Hospital. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 160 children aged 02 months to 05 years who were diagnosed with pneumonia and hospitalized at Bac Lieu General Hospital from May 2025 to March 2026. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was detected in 32 of 160 cases (20.0%). Among these, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 87.5% (28/32), methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus for 12.5% (4/32), and Panton-Valentine leukocidin positivity for 12.5% (4/32). Coinfections were recorded in 56.3% of cases (18/32). Respiratory support was required in 81.3% of children, and antibiotic therapy was changed or combined in 62.5%. Overall, 96.9% of children improved and were discharged, 3.1% were transferred, and no deaths were recorded. Conclusions: Staphylococcus aureus-associated pneumonia in children at Bac Lieu General Hospital showed a high proportion of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, along with notable Panton-Valentine leukocidin positivity and coinfection; early recognition of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus risk, assessment of coinfections, and close monitoring during treatment are needed.

EVALUATION OF THE OUTCOMES OF PHACOEMULSIFICATION SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH CATARACT AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL IN 2024 – 2026

Phat Loi Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background:Cataract remains one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Phacoemulsification is currently the most advanced surgical technique for cataract management. Objectives: To evaluate visual improvement and residual refractive outcomes following phacoemulsification in patients with cataract treated at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from 2024 to 2026. Materials and methods: A nonrandomized interventional clinical study was conducted on 120 eyes diagnosed with cataract and treated with phacoemulsification at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital during the study period (2024–2026). Results: At 1 month postoperatively, 56.7% of patients achieved good uncorrected visual acuity (≤0.15 logMAR), compared with 48.3% at 1 week. With spectacle correction, the proportion of patients achieving good visual acuity increased to 60.8%. A total of 86.7% of patients had a stable postoperative spherical equivalent within ±1.0D of the target refraction. Conclusions: Phacoemulsification is currently the leading modality for cataract treatment, enabling rapid visual rehabilitation and early refractive stability.

EVALUATION OF INTRAVITREAL RANIBIZUMAB FOR THE TREATMENT OF DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA AT CAN THO EYE, DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL HOSPITAL IN 2024-2025

Ngoc Phuong Ha — 2026-08-20

Background: Diabetic macular edema is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and remains a leading cause of vision loss worldwide. Intravitreal ranibizumab has been widely recognized as an effective and safe therapeutic option, leading to significant improvements in visual acuity and reductions in central macular thickness in affected patients. Objectives: To evaluate the pharmacotherapy role of ranibizumab for the treatment of diabetic macular edema in patients with diabetic macular edema at Can Tho Eye–ENT Hospital in 2024–2025.Materials and methods: This interventional clinical study without a control group was conducted on 38 eyes diagnosed with diabetic macular edema and treated with intravitreal injections at Can Tho Eye–ENT Hospital during 2024– 2025. Results: The mean age of the patients was 63.56 ± 9.44 years. At the 3-month follow-up, 78.9% of eyes demonstrated good visual improvement, whereas 21.1% exhibited moderate visual improvement, while 65.8% achieved a reduction in central retinal thickness (CRT) of ≥100 μm. Mean visual acuity improved from 0.72 ± 0.44 logMAR at baseline to 0.36 logMAR after 3 months, with a mean CRT reduction of 131 μm. Only one case (2.6%) of subconjunctival hemorrhage was observed, and no serious complications, including acute intraocular pressure elevation, endophthalmitis, retinal detachment, or uveitis, were recorded. Conclusions: Intravitreal ranibizumab in the treatment of diabetic macular edema improves both visual function and macular structure, as demonstrated by increased visual acuity and reduced retinal thickness on OCT, with minimal adverse effects.

CONCENTRATIONS OF APOB, APOA-1 AND APOB/APOA-1 RATIO IN NON-DIALYSIS CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE PATIENTS

Yen Luu Thai — 2026-08-20

Background: Dyslipidemia is a major cardiovascular risk factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD). ApoB, ApoA-1, and the ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio are considered better indicators of atherosclerotic risk than traditional lipids; however, their variation across CKD stages remains controversial. Objectives: To determine the concentrations of ApoB, ApoA-1, and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, and to compare their differences across CKD stages. Materials and methods: A crosssectional study was conducted on 70 patients with CKD stages 2-4 in Can Tho from 2025 to 2026. Serum ApoB and ApoA-1 levels were quantified, and differences were analyzed using ANOVA. Results: The mean age was 62.8 ± 15.4 years. The mean concentrations of ApoB and ApoA-1 were 95.5 ± 34.9 mg/dL and 147.0 ± 29.9 mg/dL, respectively. The mean ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio was 0.67 ± 0.24ApoB levels in female patients were significantly higher than in males (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in ApoB, ApoA-1 concentrations, and the ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio across CKD stages 2 to 4 (p>0.05). Conclusion: Apolipoprotein concentrations and the ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio did not show significant variations across CKD stages 2 to 4. However, the mean ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio of 0.67 suggests a shift in lipid balance towards atherogenesis, with ApoB accumulation being particularly more pronounced in female patients.

EVALUATING OF THE RESULTS OF ENDOSCOPIC TYMPANOPLASTY WITH PERICHONDRIUM AND SLIDING TYMPANOMEATAL FLAP ON PATIENT WITH CHRONIC OTITIS MEDIA HAVING LARGE TYMPANIC PERFORATION NEAR THE MARGIN AT CAN THO EAR NOSE THROAT HOSPITAL AND CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL IN 2025-2026

Vinh Hien Truong — 2026-08-20

Background: In otitis media with large tympanic perforation near the margin, tympanoplasty is difficult because the graft is not securely attached, posing a risk of graft displacement. Large perforations also prolong the healing time of the tympanic membrane. Therefore, we will use the technique of sliding tympanomeatal flap to increase the contact area between the remaining part of the tympanic membrane and the graft while simultaneously reducing the perforation area. Objectives: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and evaluate the results of endoscopic tympanoplasty surgery with perichondrium and sliding tympanomeatal flap on patient with chronic otitis media having large tympanic perforation near the margin. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 34 patients diagnosed with stable chronic otitis media having large tympanic perforation near the margin at Can Tho Ear Nose Throat Hospital and Can Tho University Medical Center Hospital from May 2025 to April 2026. Results: The average age of the study subjects was 47.12 ± 7.65. The disease was more common in females (79.41%). Common preoperative symptoms included ear discharge (88.23%), hearing loss (82.35%), and tinnitus (64.71%). Most of the tympanic membrane was in a stable state without inflammation. Pure-tone audiograms showed mixed type hearing loss (64.71%). The rate of tympanic membrane healing after 1 month was 91.17% and after 3 months was 94.12%. The average hearing improvement after 3 months was 40.19 ± 9.05 dB. Good treatment outcomes after 3 months were observed in 91.17% of cases. Conclusion: The results of endoscopic tympanoplasty with perichondrium and sliding tympanomeatal flap were rated as good in terms of anatomy and function in 91.17% of cases.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF COMPLICATED MEASLES IN CHILDREN AT CAN THO CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL

Minh Phuong Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects children, particularly those under five years of age. In addition to causing acute illness, measles can lead to serious complications, including pneumonia, diarrhea, otitis media, encephalitis, and prolonged malnutrition. Young children, unvaccinated children, and malnourished children are at increased risk of severe disease and measles-related mortality. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics, determine the rate of complications, and analyze factors associated with complicated measles in pediatric patients at Can Tho Children’s Hospital in 2024 – 2025. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in pediatric patients with measles at Can Tho Children’s Hospital in 2024 – 2025. Results: A total of 103 children with measles were included; 62.1% were under 5 years of age, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.02/1. Unvaccinated children accounted for 78.6%. Clinical manifestations included fever (100%), rash (98.1%), cough (90.3%) and Koplik spots (83.5%). The overall complication rate was 81.6%. The most common complications were pneumonia (61.2%) and diarrhea (43.7%). Children under 5 years of age had a higher risk of complications compared with those aged 5 years or older (OR = 2.75, p = 0.046). Conclusion: Measles commonly occurs in children under 5 years of age, predominantly in those who are unvaccinated. Common clinical manifestations included fever, cough, rash, and Koplik spots. The most common complications were pneumonia and diarrhea. There is an association between age under 5 years and the risk of complications in children with measles.

MICROBIAL ETIOLOGY OF PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE MALNUTRITION AGED 2 MONTHS TO 5 YEARS AT CAN THO CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL, 2024–2026

Anh Thu Huynh — 2026-08-20

Background: Pneumonia is a leading cause of death among children under five years of age. Malnutrition impairs immune function, leading to more severe disease progression and an increased risk of treatment failure. In Can Tho, studies on the microbial etiology of pneumonia in children with acute malnutrition identified using molecular diagnostic techniques remain limited. Objectives: 1. To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of pneumonia in children aged 2 months to 5 years with acute malnutrition. 2. To determine the prevalence of microbial pathogens causing pneumonia in the study population. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 52 children aged 2 months to 5 years diagnosed with pneumonia and acute malnutrition at Can Tho Children’s Hospital from 2024 to 2026. Clinical and paraclinical characteristics were collected. Microbial pathogens were identified using Real-time PCR and bacterial culture techniques. Results: Most children were in the 1–5-year age group (94.2%). Tachypnea was the most common symptom (84.6%), and mixed crackles were the predominant lung auscultation finding. Regarding laboratory findings, 55.8% of children had CRP levels ≥10 mg/L, while most had white blood cell counts <15,000 cells/mm³ (82.7%). The most frequently detected bacterial pathogen was non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) (71.2%). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) was the most frequently detected virus (23.1%). Conclusions: Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae was the most frequently detected bacterial pathogen among children with pneumonia and acute malnutrition. Bacterial–viral coinfection was common in this population.

PREVALENCE OF QI STAGNATION CONSTITUTION ASSESSED BY THE CCMQ SCALE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG TRADITIONAL MEDICINE STUDENTS

Van Truong Hoang — 2026-08-20

Background: Qi stagnation constitution in Traditional Medicine is a pathological state characterized by stagnation of Liver qi, influenced by psychosocial factors. Traditional Medicine students may be at higher risk due to academic pressure, but studies on its prevalence and associated factors remain limited. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Qi stagnation constitution and identify associated factors among Traditional Medicine students at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 315 students from June 2025 to April 2026. Results: The prevalence of Qi stagnation constitution was 43.5%. Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations with female gender (OR = 1.74; 95%CI: 1.05-2.91; p = 0.032), lack of interest in the major (OR = 2.68; 95%CI: 1.45-4.95; p = 0.002), and late-night sleeping habits (OR = 3.02; 95%CI: 1.21-7.54; p = 0.018). Other variables showed no statistically significant associations (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Qi stagnation constitution is relatively common among Traditional Medicine students. Psychological factors and lifestyle habits, particularly late-night sleeping and academic interest, are significantly associated with Qi stagnation constitution. Early lifestyle intervention and psychological support strategies are recommended.

STUDY ON CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF OVERACTIVE BLADDER WITH MIRABEGRON AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL IN 2025 – 2026

Ngoc Tram La — 2026-08-20

Background: Overactive Bladder (OAB) is a common urological syndrome that, although not directly life-threatening, significantly impacts the quality of life. Mirabegron is one of the currently recommended medical treatments. Objectives: 1. To investigate the clinical and subclinical characteristics of patients diagnosed with overactive bladder at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from 2025 to 2026. 2. To evaluate the treatment outcomes of Mirabegron for overactive bladder at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from 2025 to 2026. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 31 patients diagnosed with OAB, indicated for Mirabegron treatment (dose of 50mg/day), and re-evaluated after 4 weeks of treatment at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from June 2025 to June 2026. Results: The distribution was concentrated in the young and middle-aged groups, with a female predominance over males. The most common symptoms were urinary urgency (80.6%) and urinary frequency (74.2%). The majority of patients had mild severity (OAB-SS: 1-5 points: 87.1%) and a low impact on quality of life (QoL: 1-2 points: 77.4%). After treatment with Mirabegron, significant improvement was achieved, with the average decrease in OAB-SS and QoL scores being 1.84±1.42 points and 0.68±0.70, respectively. Conclusion: Overactive bladder in the study group was generally of mild severity, manifesting primarily as urinary urgency and frequency. Mirabegron is a highly effective treatment in reducing symptoms and significantly improving the patients' quality of life.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH FACIAL CORTICOSTEROID ADDICTIVE DERMATITIS PRESENTING WITH TELANGIECTASIA, 2024- 2025

Ngo My Anh Cao — 2026-08-20

Background: Facial corticosteroid addictive dermatitis (FCAD) has increasingly attracted attention in Viet Nam and many other countries due to its rising prevalence. However, to date, there have been very few domestic studies comprehensively evaluating the clinical characteristics of FCAD. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with facial corticosteroid addictive dermatitis (FCAD) presenting with telangiectasia in 2024–2025. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 42 patients diagnosed with FCAD at the FOB International Institute of Aesthetic Dermatology. Results: The majority of FCAD patients were female (85.7%), over 30 years old (61.9%), and predominantly workers/farmers and housewives (35.7%). Most patients used topical corticosteroids continuously for over 6 months (64.2%), mainly obtained from beauty facilities (35,7%) and primarily for the treatment of melasma (33.3%). Clinically, dermatitis (35.7%) and pigmentary disorders (23.8%) were the most common clinical subtypes. Most patients reported pruritus (71.4%), stinging/burning sensation (83.3%), and erythema (59.5%); branchshaped telangiectasia on the cheeks (54.8%) was most frequently observed. Conclusions: FCAD predominantly affects middle-aged women and is associated with prolonged use of topical corticosteroids, most commonly originating from beauty establishments. Therefore, stricter control over the provision of corticosteroids and improved public awareness are necessary to reduce dermatologic complications.

STUDY ON CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC URTICARIA AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL AND CAN THO DERMATOLOGY HOSPITAL 2024–2025

Thi Thuy Trang Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Chronic urticaria is characterized by recurrent and unpredictable episodes of wheals that appear once or several times per day, or every few days. Although chronic urticaria is rarely life-threatening, it significantly impairs patients’ quality of life, leading to both psychological and physical distress. Objectives: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with chronic urticaria at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and Can Tho Dermatology Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 45 patients diagnosed with chronic urticaria at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and Can Tho Dermatology Hospital. Results: The most common age group was 18–40 years (37.8%), with a female predominance (57.8%). The main symptoms included pruritus and wheals (71.1%), abdominal pain (35.6%), angioedema (31.1%), nausea (26.7%), and fever (17.8%). The most frequent sites of pruritus and wheals were the trunk (46.9%), arms (37.5%), head–neck (9.4%), and legs (6.3%). The timing of lesion appearance was mostly unpredictable (90.6%), with fewer cases occurring at night (6.3%) or during the day (3.1%). The degree of impact on quality of life was moderate in 68.9% of patients, mild in 26.7%, and severe in 4.4%, according to the CU-Q2oL (Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire) scale. Anemia was observed in 24.4% of cases. Leukocytosis was found in 15.6%, mainly due to eosinophilia (15.6%). Conclusion: Pruritus and wheals were present in 71.1% of patients, most commonly on the trunk (46.9%), with lesions appearing unpredictably in 90.6% of cases. The disease moderately affected patients’ quality of life (68.9%) according to the CU-Q2oL scale. Anemia was detected in 24.4%, and eosinophilia in 15.6% of patients.

HANDGRIP STRENGTH AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN KOREA

Vo Anh Minh Tran — 2026-08-20

Background: Handgrip strength (HGS) is a reliable biomarker for assessing overall musculoskeletal strength and has significant prognostic value in screening and diagnosing sarcopenia. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of HGS while identifying associated factors among older adults in South Korea. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 4903 older adults (aged≥60 years) in South Korea using data from Wave 9 (2022) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing (KLoSA). Low handgrip strength was defined according to the 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria, and associated factor were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: The mean HGS of the participants was 24.5±8.4 kg, with a mean age of 72±8 years. The prevalence of low handgrip strength among older adults was 34.75%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with HGS revealed that advanced age significantly increased the risk of the outcome (OR=1.11; p<0.001); Body Mass Index (BMI) showed a significant inverse correlation (OR=0.95; p<0.001); and the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) index was robustly associated with HGS (OR=1.93; p<0.001). Additionally, comorbidities such as obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular disease were also significantly associated with handgrip strength. Conclusions: Advanced age and limitations in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) are primary risk factors for muscle weakness in older adults, while higher BMI serves as a protective factor. Recommendations: Routine screening for reduced handgrip strength among older adults, especially those at high risk, should be considered. Early identification combined with appropriate physical activity interventions may contribute to preventing functional decline and promoting healthy aging.

RESULTS OF EARLY DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF LARGE SUPRATENTORIAL HEMISPHERIC INFARCTION

Minh Hoang Chau — 2026-08-20

Background: Large hemispheric infarction typically results from the occlusion of major arteries, such as the internal carotid artery or the middle cerebral artery. Early decompressive craniectomy is associated with a reduction in mortality and an increase in the rate of patients with satisfactory functional status. Objectives: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of early decompressive craniectomy in the management of large supratentoral hemispheric infarction at Can Tho Central General Hospital and S.I.S Can Tho International General Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study involved 42 patients diagnosed with large supratentorial hemispheric infarction who underwent decompressive hemicraniectomy within 48 hours of stroke onset. Surgical outcomes were evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) over a 3-month follow-up period. Results: Among the 42 patients studied, males constituted the majority (61.9%), and patients aged over 60 accounted for a higher proportion (52.4%). Left hemispheric infarction was more prevalent (54.8%). At discharge, the in-hospital mortality rate was 7.1%, and 11 patients (26.2%) achieved a favorable outcome (mRS 0-3). At the 3-month follow-up, the proportion of patients with favorable mRS scores increased to 47.6% (n=20). Conclusions: Early decompressive craniectomy for large supratentorial hemispheric infarction can reduce mortality rates and improve functional recovery outcomes.

CLINICAL AND LATERAL CEPHALOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF ANGLE CLASS I MALOCCLUSION PATIENTS INDICATED FOR EXTRACTION BEFORE ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT ASSISTED BY MICRO-OSTEOPERFORATIONS

Thao Trang Duong — 2026-08-20

Background: The demand for orthodontic treatment has increased considerably. Microosteoperforations (MOPs) are a minimally invasive technique that enhances the regional acceleratory phenomenon and may shorten orthodontic treatment time. Objectives: To describe the baseline clinical and lateral cephalometric characteristics of Angle Class I malocclusion patients indicated for tooth extraction before orthodontic treatment assisted by micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital from 2024 to 2026. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study used baseline data from a single-blind, split-mouth randomized clinical trial. Thirty-four patients aged 16–25 years indicated for first premolar extraction were recruited at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital between 2024 and 2026. Results: Among the participants, 85.2% exhibited facial symmetry in the frontal view and 73.5% presented with a convex profile. The mean PAR and weighted PAR (PARW) scores were 15.95 ± 4.58 and 23.90 ± 7.11, respectively, with anterior crowding as the predominant component. Cephalometric analysis showed a mild skeletal Class II tendency with SNA 85.69 ± 1.86°, SNB 81.08 ± 1.58°, and ANB 4.86 ± 0.78° (p < 0.001). Dental measurements demonstrated protrusion and proclination of both maxillary and mandibular incisors (U1–SN 115.28 ± 5.50°; L1–NB 5.57 ± 1.39 mm; p < 0.001). Soft tissue analysis revealed protrusive upper and lower lips relative to the E-line (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Angle Class I malocclusion patients indicated for tooth extraction mainly exhibited dental crowding, bimaxillary incisor protrusion, lip protrusion, and a mild skeletal Class II tendency. These baseline characteristics provide important information for extraction-based orthodontic treatment planning and serve as a basis for subsequent analyses of the effectiveness of micro-osteoperforations.

SURGICAL RESULTS OF PLEURAL DECORTICATION FOR STAGE III PLEURAL EMPYEMA AT CAN THO CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL

Huu Du Pham — 2026-08-20

Background: Stage III pleural empyema is a complex pathological condition characterized by a thick fibrous peel entrapping the lung parenchyma, leading to severe ventilatory restriction. Given that medical management and simple thoracentesis are typically ineffective, open thoracotomy decortication is an essential indication to clear the pleural space and liberate the lung parenchyma. Objectives: To describe the clinical and paraclinical characteristics and to evaluate the outcomes of open thoracotomy decortication in patients with stage III pleural empyema at Can Tho Central General Hospital 2024 - 2026. Materials and methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted on 38 patients diagnosed with stage III pleural empyema who met the indications for open thoracotomy decortication. Data regarding clinical presentations, paraclinical findings, and postoperative outcomes were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 software. Results: The clinical presentations included pleuritic chest pain 94.7%, fever 63.2%, cough 60.5%, and dyspnea 55.3%. Chest computed tomography scans revealed pleural thickening in 84.2% of cases and multiloculated pleural collections in 81.6%. The surgical success rate was 89.5%, with 94.4% of these patients demonstrating satisfactory lung re-expansion on postoperative chest radiographs. Conclusion: Open thoracotomy decortication is a highly effective therapeutic approach for stage III pleural empyema. It significantly improves clinical status, promotes optimal lung re-expansion on chest X-rays, and minimizes long-term complications for patients.

CLINICAL AND IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH UNRUPTURED INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSMS AT S.I.S CAN THO INTERNATIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL

Pham Vinh Le Truong — 2026-08-20

Background: Unruptured intracranial aneurysms are estimated to occur in 3.2% of the general population. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms are often asymptomatic, but rupture leads to subarachnoid hemorrhage with very serious consequences. Each treatment method for unruptured intracranial aneurysms has different benefits and risks, and it is currently unclear which method is ideal. Objectives:To describe the clinical and imaging features and evaluate treatment outcomes in patients with unruptured intracranial aneurysms at S.I.S Can Tho International General Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 108 patients treated for unruptured intracranial aneurysms at S.I.S Can Tho International General Hospital. Results: From January 2025 to December 2025, 132 unruptured intracranial aneurysms were detected, and 108 aneurysms were treated. The mean patient age was 57.8 ± 13.1 years, with females comprising 64.8%. Headache was the most common presenting symptom (79.6%). The mean aneurysm size was 5.9 ± 2.6 mm. Saccular aneurysms accounted for 95.4%, while irregular, multilobulated, or daughtersac-containing morphologies were observed in 48.1%. The most frequent aneurysm locations were the internal carotid artery (54.6%) and the middle cerebral artery (23.1%). The treatment modalities applied were as follows: surgical clipping in 24/108 (22.2%), endovascular coiling in 39/108 (36.1%), flow diversion in 44/108 (40.8%), and stent-assisted coiling in 1/108 (0.9%) patients. Overall, 95.4% of patients achieved a favorable outcome following treatment, defined as a Glasgow Outcome Scale– Extended (GOS-E) score ≥ 5. Conclusion: Treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms yields favorable results. However, the decision to treat must be individualized, based on patient-specific characteristics, and reached through shared decision-making between the patient and the treating physician, given that the risk of serious adverse events persists.

ASSOCIATION OF MATERNAL ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES AND MEAN CORPUSCULAR VOLUME WITH NEONATAL JAUNDICE DUE TO INDIRECT HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA

Thi Hong Tham Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonates is a common condition and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly. Objectives: 1. To describe the clinical characteristics of neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia; 2. To investigate its associations with maternal anthropometric indices and maternal mean corpuscular volume (MCV). Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with analytic components was conducted in 220 neonates diagnosed with indirect hyperbilirubinemia at Can Tho City Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from 2024 to 2026. Results: Male infants accounted for 51.4%, term infants for 55.9%, normal-birth-weight infants for 67.3%, and cesarean deliveries for 69.1%. Jaundice was predominantly Kramer zone 4 (67.3%), with onset after 48 hours in 73.2% and duration of less than 7 days in 90.5%. Maternal weight <45 kg, height <155 cm, body mass index <18.5 kg/m², and MCV <80 fL were associated with jaundice onset within 48 hours. Maternal weight <45 kg and MCV <80 fL were associated with jaundice lasting ≥7 days. In the multivariable model, after adjustment for maternal BMI and gestational age, maternal MCV <80 fL remained independently associated with jaundice onset within 48 hours (aOR=2.80; p=0.015). Conclusions: Low maternal stature, low body weight, and low MCV were associated with jaundice onset within 48 hours and/or jaundice lasting ≥7 days in neonates with indirect hyperbilirubinemia. Maternal MCV <80 fL remained independently associated with jaundice onset within 48 hours after adjustment for maternal BMI and gestational age. In the context of excluding maternal iron deficiency, low MCV suggests microcytosis that warrants attention and may include causes related to hemoglobin disorders. Therefore, maternal MCV <80 fL may help identify infants who require closer monitoring and guide further evaluation for hematologic causes when clinically appropriate.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND IMAGING FINDINGS ON ULTRASONOGRAPHY AND KUB RADIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY STONES AT CAN THO UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL IN 2024-2025

Thi Yen Nhi Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Kidney stone disease is a common urinary tract condition characterized by heterogeneous clinical presentations and imaging findings among patients. Evaluation of symptoms in combination with imaging modalities plays an essential role in establishing the diagnosis and guiding treatment decisions. Objectives: To describe the clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with kidney stones and to assess the association between ultrasonography KUB radiography at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 72 patients diagnosed with kidney stones who presented for examination and treatment at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Results: Among the 72 participants, kidney stones were most prevalent in the 50-59-year age group, with a higher occurrence in males. The most common clinical manifestation was dull flank pain (81.9%). The detection rate of renal stones was 97.2% with KUB radiography and 100% with ultrasonography. Conclusions: Patients with kidney stones commonly present with dull flank pain. Ultrasonography provides high diagnostic value for stone detection and size assessment, whereas KUB radiography assists in determining stone morphology and location. No statistically significant association was observed between stone morphology on KUB radiography and stone size measured by ultrasonography (p > 0.05).

EVALUATION OF TREATMENT OUTCOMES FOR SACROCOCCYGEAL DEFECTS USING FLAP COVERAGE AT CAN THO CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL

Quan Tan Bui — 2026-08-20

Background: Sacrococcygeal soft tissue defects, particularly those caused by pressure ulcers, represent a significant challenge in reconstructive surgery due to the high risk of infection and recurrence. Flap reconstruction restores soft-tissue coverage and protects underlying bony structures; however, treatment outcomes depend on wound characteristics and the selection of flap techniques. Objectives: To evaluate the treatment outcomes of sacrococcygeal soft tissue defects at Can Tho Central General Hospital. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 30 patients with sacrococcygeal soft tissue defects who underwent flap reconstruction from June 2024 to February 2026. Results: The mean age of patients was 53.17 ± 17.14 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 16:14. Spinal cord injury was the most common etiology (36.7%). The mean defect area was 49.37 ± 31.24 cm²; the largest recorded flap size was 14.5 × 18 cm. Pedicled flaps were used in 73.3% of cases, while superior and inferior gluteal artery perforator flaps accounted for 60%. The complete flap survival rate was 93.3%. The mean wound healing time was 21.97 ± 5.36 days. Early outcomes were rated as good in 70% of cases and fair in 30%. At 3month follow-up, 83.3% were classified as good, 10% as fair, and 6.7% as poor. The overall rate of patients who were very satisfied or satisfied was 86.6%. Early complications were mainly venous congestion (10%), whereas the most common late complication was ulcer recurrence (6.7%). Conclusions: Flap reconstruction for sacrococcygeal soft-tissue defects is a safe and effective method, with a high flap survival rate, acceptable wound-healing time, and high patient satisfaction. This approach contributes to improved treatment outcomes and reduced recurrence rates.

CHARACTERISTICS OF BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SEVERE COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

Phuc Vinh Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Severe community-acquired pneumonia is a high-mortality condition requiring accurate microbiological identification for targeted antibiotic therapy. Traditional sputum culture often faces challenges due to patients' respiratory failure and high contamination rates. Bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage is utilized to directly collect sterile lower respiratory tract specimens. Objectives: 1. To describe the findings of bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia; 2. To compare the microbiological results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and expectorated sputum in patients with severe communityacquired pneumonia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 50 patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia indicated for bronchoscopy at Can Tho Central General Hospital from September 2025 to January 2026. Results: Bronchoscopy predominantly revealed acute airway inflammation (90.0%) and purulent secretions (86.0%). The positive rate of bronchoalveolar lavage culture was 26.0%, with a predominance of Gram-negative pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.0%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.0%). A statistically significant correlation was observed between high secretion volume visualized during bronchoscopy and a positive bronchoalveolar lavage culture (p = 0.024). Approximately 36.0% of patients were unable to expectorate sputum. The microbiological agreement between bronchoalveolar lavage and sputum was extremely low (Cohen’s Kappa coefficient = -0.002). Conclusion: Bronchoscopy combined with bronchoalveolar lavage is a safe technique providing reliable microbiological results in severe community-acquired pneumonia.

VALUE OF D-DIMER AND THE NEWS2, PSI, CURB-65 SCORES IN DIAGNOSING SEVERITY AND PREDICTING 30-DAY MORTALITY IN PATIENTS WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

Hoai Trung Lam — 2026-08-20

Background: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality. Early identification of severe disease and accurate risk stratification are essential to determine the appropriate level of care. Objectives: To describe and analyze the value of D-dimer and the NEWS2, PSI, and CURB-65 scoring systems in identifying severe CAP and predicting 30-day mortality. Materials and methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study of adult patients diagnosed with CAP at Can Tho Central General Hospital between 2024 and 2026. The performance of variables was evaluated using the area under curve (AUC), standardized odds ratio (SOR), calibration, and prediction error (Brier score). Results: For severity assessment, NEWS2 showed the highest AUC (0.902) and the lowest Brier score (0.088). For 30-day mortality prediction, PSI had the highest AUC (0.881) and the lowest Brier score (0.129). In univariate logistic regression analysis, NEWS2 showed the strongest association with severe disease (SOR = 8.27), while D-dimer showed the strongest association with 30day mortality (SOR = 10.41). All scores and D-dimer demonstrated good calibration. Conclusion: NEWS2 appears useful for early assessment of disease severity. For 30-day mortality, PSI may be used for risk stratification, while D-dimer may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker.

CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRACHEOSTOMIZED PATIENTS AFTER PROLONGED ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION AT CAN THO CENTRAL GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2024-2025

Thuy Linh Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Tracheostomy is a classic surgical procedure that creates direct airway access to the cervical trachea through the cartilaginous rings. Patients who undergo prolonged endotracheal intubation prior to tracheostomy are at particularly high risk of bacterial invasion, especially from hospital-acquired bacteria. Identifying the types of bacteria residing in respiratory secretions and determining their sensitivity to antibiotics helps us to better guide initial antibiotic selection. Objectives: To investigate the clinical, bacteriological, and antibiogram in tracheostomized patients with prolonged endotracheal intubation and the rate of appropriate initial antibiotic use. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 45 tracheostomized patients who had undergone prolonged endotracheal intubation from October 2024 to June 2025 at Can Tho Central General Hospital. Results: The average age of patients was 65.5 ± 16.05. Males accounted for 62.2%, and females 37.8%. Most patients underwent mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube for 8-14 days. The commonest isolated organism was Acinetobacter baumannii. The rate of initial antibiotic use consistent with the antibiogram was 65.8%. Conclusion: The commonest isolated organism was Acinetobacter baumannii, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, and then Pseudomonas aeruginosa, these are bacteria commonly associated with hospital-acquired infections. High levels of carbapenem resistance pose a significant challenge in treatment. Colistin remains active against some strains, but should be used with caution. The rate of appropriate initial antibiotic use was high.

SHORT-TERM OUTCOMES OF OPEN COLECTOMY WITH PRIMARY ANASTOMOSIS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE COLON CANCER

Cat Minh Tran — 2026-08-20

Background: Colon cancer is a common malignancy, with bowel obstruction occurring in 15–30% of cases, representing a severe surgical emergency. Patients often present late with exhausted physical conditions, posing significant challenges in selecting the appropriate surgical approach. Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of one-stage colectomy with primary anastomosis in patients with obstructive colon cancer. Materials and methods: A prospective, descriptive case series study was conducted on 30 patients. Results: In total, there were 30 patients (21 men and 9 women) with a mean age was 65.03 ± 11.47 years. The mean operation time was 148.83 ± 43.93 minutes. 100% of cases had negative resection margins. The postoperative complication rate was 10% with 2 cases of anastomotic leak, 1 case of surgical site infection, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 8.47 ± 2.47 days. There were no in-hospital mortalities. Conclusion: One-stage colectomy with primary anastomosis is a feasible treatment and has initially demonstrated safety in carefully selected patients with colon cancer obstruction.

THE VALUE OF PROCALCITONIN IN PREDICTING SEPTIC SHOCK IN CHILDREN WITH SEPSIS AT CAN THO CHILDREN’S HOSPITAL IN 2024-2026

Minh Ánh Mai Truong — 2026-08-20

Background: Pediatric sepsis is a severe infectious condition that can rapidly progress to septic shock, increasing the risk of mortality. Early identification of risk factors through clinical characteristics and inflammatory biomarkers such as PCT is important for risk stratification and optimization of early management. Objectives: (1) To describe the clinical characteristics of children with sepsis at Can Tho Children’s Hospital (2) To evaluate the prognostic value of procalcitonin measured at the time of initial sepsis diagnosis in predicting septic shock. Materials and methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 100 pediatric patients with sepsis aged 1 month to 16 years who were treated at Can Tho Children’s Hospital from June 2024 to February 2026. Results: Among 100 children with sepsis, 40% progressed to septic shock and 11% died. The median age was 13 months (IQR: 5.0–45.0), male pediatric patients accounted for 57% and the malnutrition rate was 20%. Respiratory infection was the most common source of infection (62%). The initial PCT concentration was higher in the group that progressed to septic shock than in the non-progressing group. In logistic regression analysis, PCT was not statistically significant in the univariable model but became an independent factor associated with the risk of septic shock after adjustment for age and nutritional status (adjusted OR=1.20; 95% CI: 1.01–1.42; p=0.043). After adjustment for age and nutritional status, the PCT-based prediction model demonstrated a moderate discriminative ability for septic shock, with an AUC of 0.641 (95% CI: 0.532–0.751; p=0.017). Hosmer–Lemeshow test indicated a good model fit (p=0.590). Conclusions: Procalcitonin measured at the time of initial sepsis diagnosis is independently associated with the risk of septic shock in children; however, its discriminative ability remains limited. Further studies with larger sample sizes and serial measurements of procalcitonin are needed to better clarify the prognostic role of this biomarker.

PRELIMINARY EVALUATION OF TREATMENT OUTCOMES OF INTERNAL FIXATION FOR CLOSED METACARPAL FRACTURES

Hoai Linh Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: The hand plays an indispensable role in daily activities; consequently, metacarpal fracture are a highly prevalent clinical entity. The primary therapeutic objectives focus on the anatomical restoration and functional preservation of the hand. Open reduction and internal fixation facilitate precise alignment and rigid stability, enabling early postoperative rehabilitation and yielding favorable clinical outcomes. Objectives: 1. Describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with closed metacarpal fractures 2. Evaluate the clinical outcomes of internal fixation for closed metacarpal fractures. Materials and methods: prospective descriptive study was conducted. Results: The study evaluated 31 patients with 45 metacarpal fractures. The mean age was 36 years; fractures of the fourth metacarpal predominated, accounting for 16 cases (35.6%), while diaphyseal locations and oblique fracture patterns were most prevalent at 64.4% and 48.9%, respectively. According to the Larson–Bostman criteria, radiological outcomes were rated as excellent (90.3%), good (6.5%), and fair (3.2%). Postoperative complications were minimal, with implant loosening observed in only one patient (3.2%) and no recorded instances of infection or tendon adhesion. Functional recovery at the three-month follow-up, assessed via Belsky’s criteria, was excellent in 87.1% and good in 12.9% of cases. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that internal fixation for closed metacarpal fractures provides favorable treatment outcomes, achieving good anatomical reduction and stable fixation, thereby facilitating early mobilization and functional recovery.

ASSESSMENT OF MOTOR REHABILITATION OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE AFTER THE ACUTE PHASE USING QI JU DI HUANG TANG COMBINED WITH ELECTROACUPUNCTURE, THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE, AND MASSAGE–ACUPRESSURE THERAPY

Huu Du Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Stroke remains a major global health issue, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates, with ischemic stroke representing the predominant subtype. The condition frequently leads to persistent motor impairments, significantly reducing patients’ quality of life and placing a considerable burden on families and society. Currently, the integration of modern medicine and traditional medicine in post-stroke rehabilitation has increasingly demonstrated positive effects. Objectives: To evaluate motor recovery outcomes in post-acute ischemic stroke patients treated with Qi Ju Di Huang Tang in combination with electroacupuncture, therapeutic exercise, and massage– acupressure therapy. Materials and methods: A total of 60 post-acute ischemic stroke patients with the liver–kidney yin deficiency pattern who were hospitalized at Can Tho Traditional Medicine Hospital from March 2025 to January 2026. Patients received a combined treatment regimen consisting of Qi Ju Di Huang Tang, electroacupuncture, therapeutic exercise, and massage– acupressure therapy. Treatment outcomes were evaluated based on muscle strength assessed by the Medical Research Council (MRC) Scale and independence in activities of daily living measured by the Barthel Index after 20 days of treatment. Results: After treatment, 80.1% of patients attained an MRC muscle strength grade of ≥ 2.Before treatment, 100% of patients were classified as having poor or very poor functional status according to the Barthel Index. The mean Barthel score increased from 31.50±4.81 before treatment to 59.83±12.79 after treatment (p < 0.001). Conclusion: After 20 days of treatment, the combined regimen of Qi Ju Di Huang Tang, electroacupuncture, therapeutic exercise, and massage–acupressure therapy was associated with improvements in muscle strength and the ability to perform activities of daily living in patients with post-acute ischemic stroke. Controlled studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of this treatment regimen.

IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS AND DIAGNOSTIS VALUE OF 1.5 TESLA MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS

Tuong Van Luu — 2026-08-20

Background: Common bile duct stones are a common surgical condition in Vietnam, ranking second among gastrointestinal emergency diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is currently considered an optimal modality for diagnosing common bile duct stones due to its numerous advantages. Objectives: To describe the imaging characteristics of common bile duct stones on 1.5 Tesla MRI and to determine the diagnostic value of 1.5 Tesla MRI in detecting common bile duct stones. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 66 patients at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital and Can Tho Central General Hospital who were diagnosed with common bile duct stones and had indications for upper abdominal MRI, or were incidentally diagnosed with common bile duct stones on upper abdominal MRI and subsequently treated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) or surgery. Stone presence was confirmed using ERCP or surgical findings as the reference standard. Results: Cases of common bile duct stones had a mean age of 58.11 ± 16.92 years, with a male-to-female ratio of 1:3.125. A history of previous bile duct stone treatment was reported in 24.24% of patients. Common bile duct stones represented the most prevalent type among primary biliary stone cases identified on MRI. Common bile duct stones measuring less than 10 mm accounted for the highest proportion (48%), whereas intrahepatic bile duct stones were predominantly 10-20 mm in diameter (46.67%). The sensitivity and specificity of MRI in diagnosing common bile duct stones were 91.3% and 60%, respectively. Conclusion: 1.5 Tesla MRI demonstrated high sensitivity in diagnosing common bile duct stones. However, specificity was limited (60%); MRI is valuable for assessing the location and number of stones, stone size, and biliary duct dilatation, while also providing information to support interventional planning in patients suspected of having common bile duct stones. MRI findings should be interpreted in conjunction with clinical features and other diagnostic modalities to improve diagnostic accuracy.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES OF LAPAROSCOPIC MANAGEMENT OF PERITONITIS SECONDARY TO GASTROINTESTINAL PERFORATION

Thanh Phuc Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Secondary peritonitis caused by gastrointestinal perforation is a severe surgical emergency with rapid progression and high mortality if not promptly treated. Laparoscopic surgery, with its advantages of minimal invasiveness, has increasingly been adopted for the management of this condition. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics and etiologies of peritonitis secondary to gastrointestinal perforation, and to evaluate the outcomes of emergency laparoscopic management. Materials and methods: A non-controlled interventional clinical study was conducted on 122 patients diagnosed with peritonitis secondary to gastrointestinal perforation who underwent laparoscopic surgery at Can Tho Central General Hospital and An Giang General Hospital between May 2025 and December 2025. Results: The median age was 61.5 years (range: 17-91), with a male - to - female ratio of 3.88:1. The median Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was 2 (range: 0-9). Surgery was performed more than 12 hours after symptom onset in 56.6% of patients. Free intraperitoneal air was detected in 57.4% of cases on upright plain abdominal radiography and in 88.1% on computed tomography. Leukocytosis was observed in 73.0% of patients. The most common perforation sites were the stomach and duodenum. The median perforation size was 10 mm (range: 0-30). Generalized peritonitis accounted for 89.3% of cases, and the median Mannheim Peritonitis Index (MPI) was 21 (range: 0-37). The median operative time was 80 minutes (range: 40-200). Primary closure of the perforation was performed in 93.4% of patients, with a conversion rate to open surgery of 9.0%. The median postoperative hospital stay was 7 days (range: 3-20). No postoperative complications were recorded in 82.0% of patients. Good and fair outcomes after 30 days of treatment were achieved in 79.5% and 13.9% of patients, respectively. Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery is a feasible approach associated with favorable short-term outcomes in appropriately selected patients with peritonitis secondary to gastrointestinal perforation, when appropriately indicated and performed by an experienced surgical team.

PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE P0.1 INDEX AND OTHER PARAMETERS IN PREDICTING SUCCESSFUL WEANING FROM MECHANICAL VENTILATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE EXACERBATION OF COPD

Truong An Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Mechanical ventilation is an essential emergency intervention. Upon resolving respiratory failure causes, assessing optimal weaning timing is crucial yet challenging. Prognostic indices like P0.1 facilitate more objective decision-making. Objectives: To determine the value of P0.1 and other indices in predicting successful ventilator weaning in COPD exacerbation patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 31 mechanically ventilated COPD exacerbation patients at Can Tho Central General Hospital from June 2025 to February 2026. Results: 100% male, COPD Group E, mean age 72 ± 8.05. At a P0.1 cut-off of -3.625 cmH2O, sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 53.8%, respectively; the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.803 (95% CI: 0.610-0.996). Conclusion: The P0.1 index has good prognostic value for successful ventilator weaning in COPD exacerbation patients.

THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ApoB, LDLc, NON HDLc LEVELS AND CORONARY ARTERY LESIONS AND STATIN TREATMENT OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Hoang Long Cao — 2026-08-20

Background: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a serious cardiovascular event in which dyslipidemia, particularly ApoB, LDL-C, and non-HDL-C, plays an important role. Besides LDL-C, ApoB and non-HDL-C may better reflect the burden of atherogenic lipoproteins; however, their associations with the severity of coronary artery lesions and response to statin therapy remain unclear. Objectives: 1. To investigate the levels and associations of ApoB, LDLc, and Non HDLc in patients with acute coronary syndrome; 2. To examine the relationship between ApoB, LDLc, and Non HDLc levels and the severity of coronary artery lesions; 3. To evaluate changes in ApoB, LDLc, and Non HDLc levels after statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome who underwent percutaneous coronary angiography at the hospital. The severity of coronary artery lesions was assessed using the Gensini score. ApoB, LDLc, and Non HDLc levels were measured before and after treatment with highintensity statins according to standard protocols. Correlation analysis and multivariate regression were performed to determine the independent associations between lipid parameters, the severity of coronary lesions, and treatment response. Results: ApoB, LDLc, and Non HDLc levels were strongly positively correlated with each other (p < 0.001). However, ApoB, LDLc, and Non HDLc levels showed a weak inverse correlation with the severity of coronary artery lesions (p < 0.05). After statin therapy, changes in lipid parameters were strongly and positively correlated with each other with statistical significance (p < 0.001). Conclusions: ApoB, LDLc, and Non HDLc levels are elevated in patients with acute coronary syndrome. ApoB shows a strong positive correlation with LDLc and Non HDLc. Statin therapy demonstrates effective lipid reduction, with these parameters changing in a closely correlated manner. However, ApoB does not fully reflect the severity of coronary artery lesions. The positive correlation in treatment-induced changes with statins is very strong. Nevertheless, the magnitude of reduction in ApoB and LDLc differs under statin therapy. In light of recent breakthrough studies highlighting the prognostic role of ApoB in predicting cardiovascular events, ApoB is expected to become a complementary tool contributing to the optimal management of patients with acute coronary syndrome.

LONG ELECTRICAL ACUPUNCTURE COMBINED WITH ACUPRESSURE MASSAGE, THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE AND HERBAL MEDICINE FOR MOTOR RECOVERY IN PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC STROKE DURING THE RECOVERY PHASE

Thi Linh Hoa Nguyen — 2026-08-20

Background: Post-stroke functional impairments, particularly motor deficits, impose substantial socioeconomic burdens on patients, families, and society. Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of long electrical acupuncture combined with acupressure massage, therapeutic exercise, and the traditional herbal formula “Bo Khi Thong Mach K-Yingin” in motor rehabilitation for patients with cerebral infarction in the recovery stage. Materials and methods: A clinical trial was conducted on 39 inpatients diagnosed with cerebral infarction in the recovery stage at Kien Giang hospital of Traditional Medicine. Results: After 16 days of treatment, patients in the study demonstrated marked improvement in motor function. The mean muscle strength scores increased significantly for knee extensors (from 2.67±0.48 to 3.87±0.34), ankle dorsiflexors (from 2.62±0.49 to 3.79±0.41), shoulder abductors (from 2.21±0.86 to 3.38±0.82), and elbow flexors (from 2.23±0.87 to 3.41±0.79) (p<0.001). The mean Barthel Index score improved from 37.95±10.80 to 82.44±17.28 (p<0.001). Following treatment, 82.1% of patients were classified as having mild to moderate dependence, while the proportion of patients with total dependence decreased from 15.4% to 0%. According to the Modified Rankin Scale, moderate disability accounted for 51.3% of cases after treatment; the proportion of patients with moderate-to-severe disability declined from 76.9% to 43.6%, and severe disability decreased from 23.1% to 5.1% (p<0.001). Conclusions: Conclusions: Long electrical acupuncture combined with acupressure massage, therapeutic exercise, and “Bo Khi Thong Mach K-Yingin” was associated with significant improvements in motor function, functional independence, and disability scores after 16 days of treatment.